Newchwang Mountain Silk. 245 
then there are two joints without claws; then come four 
joints, each with a pair of the back claws (one on each side) ; 
then come two joints without claws, and then the three 
foremost joints, each with a pair of the front claws. ‘The 
five pairs of back claws are less developed as claws than 
the front ones, being, to outward appearance, of the same 
soft green matter that the body is composed of, and merely 
tipped with a small piece of hard substance of the same 
light brown colour as the head. The three pairs of front 
claws are, on the other hand, curved, and are entirely com- 
posed of the hard light brown substance. The five pairs of 
back claws serve as feet, by means of which the animal 
holds on to the twig or stem part of the leaf, while the front 
claws serve as hands, by means of which it twists round the 
edge of the leaf to its mouth. When the grub is in one of 
its torpid periods, it holds on to the twig solely by means 
of the five pairs of back claws, the foremost five joints 
(three with claws and two without) being altogether de- 
tached from the twig, in the air. A little above the claws 
on each side there is, on each joint or segment, a bright 
blue speck, out of which two or three hairs grow. A little 
above those blue specks there is on each side, down the last 
or tailmost nine joints, a brownish streak, which two streaks 
widen and join together as a brown band on the tail joint. 
On the eighth and ninth of the joints, counting from the 
tail end, there are on this brown streak two silvery or white- 
metallic coloured spots oneach side. The brown band does 
not extend to the foremost three joints ; on the other hand, 
each of these joints has two blue specks on each side, one 
above or higher up than the other. The animal is thickest 
about the second and third joints, counting from the head, 
and tapers off somewhat toward the tail, 
When the worm begins to make its cocoon, it selects 
two or more oak leaves more or less facing each other, and 
lower than the twig from which they proceed. These 
leaves it joins together by a network of silk thread, which 
thread keeps issuing from its mouth as it moves its head 
from the one leaf to the other. It holds on, in the mean- 
time, by its back claws to the twig. When the leaves are 
sufficiently joined to form a sort of cup or basket under 
the twig to which it is holding, it loosens its hold and 
drops into the receptacle it has thus formed. The hinder- 
most seven joints of the body are then, with the tail joints 
slightly curled in, drawn together, and, remaining in a state 
of total inaction, serve, I presume, merely as a store from 
