Coal wn Spazn. 247 
large and small tsing-kang-lew; the lowest quality by 
using the hoo-po-lo. 
The yield of the spring crop is said to be much less than 
that of the autumn crop, 1,000 cocoons of the former 
giving no more than 500 of the latter. But the quality is 
said to be greatly superior, finer, whiter in itself, and more 
capable of taking dyes; but black, with various shades of 
reddish-brown or purple, seem to be the only dyes that 
either kind will take. 
The chrysalids which are not kept for breeding, are used 
by the Chinese as an article of food. 
The mountain silk remains as yet the one article which 
this district is likely to furnish to England. 
COAL. IN ,5SPRAIN. 
LTHOUGH considerable amounts of English capital 
has been (sometimes profitably) invested in other 
mining throughout Spain, very little attention has been 
given to her coal fields. Coal formations are formed in 
Andalusia, at Belmez, and Espiel, at San Francisco del 
Monte, and Adannaz in the province of Cordova; and 
between Guadalcanal and San Nicola del Puerto, near the 
River Briar, and also at Villaneuva del Rio, in the province 
of Seville. 
The Belmez and Espiel district is the principal coal-field 
in Andalusia, and second only in Spain to the extensive 
coal measures of Asturias. It extends from the villages 
of Penavoya to Villahesta, a distance of about forty miles, 
and has an average breadth of about six. The coal is 
generally of good quality, and the seams, though very 
irregular, are of unusual thickness. The strata are 
frequently dislocated and contorted, owing to posterior 
upheavals, and in some places protrude in an almost 
vertical position, allowing, where this takes place of their 
being worked with but little trouble or cost. Some years 
ago all the coal that was here produced was obtained from 
the surface, and the quality was very serviceable. The 
mine most in repute is the “ Terrible,’ owned by a French 
company; it is extensively and judiciously worked, and 
