124 
ICE OPENS CRUSTACEA. 
and this morning bore them down upon us. As the 
wind hauled to the S.S.E., the ice opened again ; and 
on the early morning of the twelfth we warped ahead 
into a safer berth. 
We cast off again about 7 A.M. ; and after a weari- 
some day of warping, tracking, towing, and sailing, 
advanced some six or eight miles, along a coast-line 
of hills to the northeast, edged with glaciers. 
The currents were such as to entirely destroy our 
steerage way. Our rudder was for a time useless; 
and the surface water was covered by ripple marks, 
which flowed in strangely looping curves. On the 
13th the sea abounded with life. Cetochili, as well 
as other entomostracan forms which I had not seen be- 
fore, lined, and, in fact, tinted the margins of the floe 
ice ; and for the first time I noticed among them some 
of those higher orders of crustacean life, which had 
heretofore been only found adhering to our warping 
lines. Among these were asellus and idotea, and that 
jerking little amphipod, the gammarus. Acalephae 
and limaciiiBe abounded in the quiet leads. The birds, 
too, were back with us, the mollemoke, the Ivory gull, 
the Burgomaster, and the tern ; and while the little 
Auks crowded the floes below, feeding eagerly upon 
the abundant harvest of the ice, the air above us was 
filled with swooping crowds, equally intent on their 
marine pasture grounds. I can not think that the 
powerful mandible of the Fulmar petrels ever conde- 
scends to the surface forms of acalephaj. It is true 
that they follow in the stormy wake of vessels, like 
the Mother Carey’s chickens, but their food is of a 
higher grade. It was a curious spectacle to see them 
fighting for the garbage of our vessel, and gormandiz- 
ing on the blubber of our game. 
