PAPUAN CULTUliE ON CAPE YOPK PENIN SULA.—ILAMLYN-BAPPIS. 
11 
the nearest of all to the Papuans, have never, since history has given a record 
of them, copied the bow and arrow from the Papuans, although used on all the 
Torres Straits islands. The islanders used both the bow and arrow of Papua 
and the woomera and wooinera spear of the mainland aboriginal, but the mainland 
men copied nothing from the islanders, their sole weapon being the woomera 
spear, the nulla and the boomerang being unknown. Nor did they use any 
shield, all parrying being done with the woomeraP’ I think it is fairly evident, 
from a study of the objects of presumed exotic culture, that the Papuan 
infiltration had taken place within comparatively recent times, and may be 
traced to the time ivlicn the Papuans wore first employed on the Barrier Reef 
in the beche-de-mer and pearl-shell fisheries.® 
That those Papuans should fraternise Avith the mainland natives on 
A'arious parts of the coast was only to be expected, and Ave may be sure that 
intercourse must have taken ])laee Aau*y frequently; hence Ave find the introduction 
of the hour-glass pattern in weavdng, Au^getable pigments used in addition to 
mineral pigments, plait-Avork Avith pandanus, vegetable ornamental strands made 
with dendrobium.' Ear-boring Avas indulged in, Avidow basket oa[)s, bamboo 
tobacco pipes* Avere introduced, and alterations in hut eonstructioiP became 
apparent. 
Drills and reA^ersible adzes Avere found more convenient. The AA'earing 
of the Conxxs shell for personal adornment and the hole in the bailer shelT® for 
carrying purpe^ses all testify to outside influence. The same may be said of the 
use of feather-Avork and initiation masks, and the utility of the sucker-hsh in 
hunting other fish did not fail to attract tlieir attention. Evidence, hoAvever, is 
not quite so strong in support of the pineapple club, or the comb used at Princess 
‘■’Ct. W. E. Hoth, Xorth Queensland Ktlmograjiliy, Bull. U, jiaragraph 11. 
^ Cf. \y. E. Roth, North Queeiishmd Ethnography, Bull. 1.5. 
the tobaeco jupe in lAorthern Queensland deserves here a short notice. There are 
several of these in the collections of the Queensland Vruseum, and, except in those cases where 
tliey are iindonbtedly immigrants from Kcav Guinea, they represent a very rough type of poor 
workmanship. Though sometimes made of bamboo they are frequently maunfaetured from 
the stem of a hollow or hollovved-oiit branch, one end of which is closed witli gnm and bored 
Avith two holes as in the New Guinea pipes, and used in tlie sumo way. SeA^eral kinds of Aveecls 
as well as bamboo segments are smoked. Pipea of this type come from the Cape York 
Peninsula. We liave in our collection, however, one siiecimen, closed at both ends, which is 
said to have come from the locality of Moreton: donor, Mr. A. ilaly. This specimen 
(QE 14/572), which is 540 mm. in length, may have been transported there. Another 
interesting specimen is a bamboo tobacco pipe made by the Kusscll RWer blacks, and Avas 
collected some years ago by Mr. Henry Tryon at Green Hills, Cairns district. Its length is 
678 mm. (Q. M. Specimen No. QJ’M4/570.) An elaborately caiwed specimen, ornamented 
Avith a typical Ncav Guinea design and marked as coming from Cape York, is really an introduced 
type wliich has been someAA'hat knocked about and mended again by means of some sort of cloth 
and gum cement. This specimen, No. QE 14/5G9, is 554 mm. in length. 
”Cf. W. E. Both, N.Q.E., Hull. iO. 
'H'l/mhinm fiammeum, P>olt. 
