Dr Chamisso on the Volcano de Tdal. 
lying at that time on tlie banks of the Laguna, and several 
villages, were totally ruined and overthrown. The mouth of 
the volcano was too confined for such eruptions ; it widened 
considerably, and a second opened, which likewise threw up 
fire and mud. Nay, even more, the fire broke out in several 
places in the Laguna, at a considerable depth below the surface 
of the water, which boiled up. The earth opened in many 
places, and a deep gulf yawned particularly wide, extending 
i'ar in the direction to Calanbong. The mountain continued to 
smoke a long time. There have since been eruptions, though 
with decreasing violence. 
Art. XXII .— the Ancient History qf Leguminous Fruits. 
By Professor Link. (Continued from Vol. V. p. S69.) 
On Plants used as Fodder. 
33 Y Plants used as Fodder, we mean those plants which are 
cut for feeding cattle, before the seed is ri|3e. Their cultivation 
belongs to the recent arts of agriculture, and came long after 
the cultivation of the species of grain, and of the leguminous 
fruits. 
It was ditring the preceding century that attempts were first 
made to cultivate the species of Grasses in prepared meadow's. 
At first attempts were made only with some grasses, by degrees 
others were tried, and the love of gain w-hich came into play 
during this trade in seeds, recommended so many species for culti- 
vation, that contempt of the whole was repeatedly excited. A vena 
clatior^ Lolium perenne., Holcus lanatus^ Poa aquatica, Phleum 
pratense^ Alopecurus pratensis^ Avena Jlavescens^ Bromus gi- 
ganteus^ Ely mus sihiricus^ Agrostis alba, have been cultivated 
with more or less advantage. 
The culture of Trifolium pratense was quite unknown to the 
ancients ; they do not even once mention this plant in its wild 
state, unless it be concealed under the name Lotus, as the com- 
mon people at present call all plants with triple leaves Glover. 
But all botanical writers of the middle ages mention clover as 
a plant used for fodder, and it must liave been early cultivated. 
