65 
of ZanmiB or Yangoma. 
smaill rivers rising between these great channels should have a 
more oblique course than has been given in the map of Asia 
(Arrowsmith’s), which copies too nearly the rude materials fur- 
nished by the slave. The course of the Anan also^ for the same 
reason, must be half a degree shorter than in this map. 1 am 
also of opinion, that the Main Zin, which in the map of Asia is 
made to come from the frontier of Upper Laos, has a much 
shorter course. Both maps of the slave place its source in a 
mountain between Tamat and Paboun, about half way between 
Zaenmoe and that frontier. 
The most essential difference between these maps^ and the 
general one compiled by the same person, is, that, in the former, 
M. Gain, a military station of importance, is placed on the east 
side of the Maskhaun, while, in the general map, both it and 
Kiain Sin, another great military station, is placed between the 
Maekhaun and Maekhoup. I am inclined to think, that the first 
assigned situation for M. Gain is most likely to be true, not only 
because two out o£ three authorities are in its favour, but be- 
cause the general map, being on a very small scale, the compiler 
probably bestowed less pains on the detail. As, in 1795, the 
country between the Maekhoup and Maekhaun was certainly 
under the government of the chief residing at Kiainsin (Kyan- 
seng of the Universal History; see this Journal, vol. ii. p. 270), 
and together with M. Laeh, M. Koup, and M. Saen, on the 
frontier of China, formed at one time part of Upper Laos; so 
it is probable, that M. Gain, and the towns on the east side of 
the Maekhaun, formed the province of Kemarat of the Univer- 
sal History. This also, in 1795, was governed by its own great 
military officer ; but at times has also been, no doubt, subject to 
Upper Laos. It extends from the frontier of China in about 
Lat. 22® to about Lat. 20®, and is probably thirty geographical 
ihiles wide. In these maps, therefore, the Slave has not only 
included the country of the Jun Shan, but a great proportion 
of Upper Laos, that, in 1795, had been indeed separated from 
the prince of that country ; but had not been given, entirely at 
least, to the prince of Zaenmae ; for it is not unlikely that the 
towns laid down in the northern parts of the first map, but 
which are not mentioned in the second, may have at one time 
VOL. X. NO. 19. JAN. 1824, 
E 
