157 
the Island of N ewfoundland. 
accompanied by two of that tribe, reached St George’s Harbour 
in the beginning of November. I encountered more impedi- 
ments in accomplishing the undertaking than were contemplated 
at setting out. These chiefly arose from having to walk round 
numerous lakes, which, in the eastern division of the island, are 
generally surrounded with wood ; and from the ground being 
covered with snow, to a considerable depth, after the 15th of 
October. 
My courses were determined merely by a pocket compass ; 
from which circumstance, and from being the first traveller over 
this country, I only had it in my power to ascertain its general 
nature and outline (Plate VI.) ; and consequently, it is not to be 
understood that the lakes, rivers, and mountains, are so accurate- 
ly laid down as they might have been in more favourable cir- 
cumstances. 
There is much more of the interior under water than appears 
to be from the sketch ; it may be said, within bounds, at least 
one-third of the whole of it. 
The first rocks we met with were granite and porphyry. These 
were succeeded by alternations of granite and mica-slate, which, 
in their turn, were replaced by granite. Granite, sienite, por- 
phyry, mica-slate, clay-slate, and quartz-rock, occur in the dis- 
trict occupied by Melville Lake. In the same district there are 
several kinds of secondary sandstone, belonging, probably, to 
the coal and red sandstone formations. The primitive rocks ex- 
tend onwards to Gower’s Lake. The shores of this lake bear a 
strong resemblance to the shores of Fresh-water Bay near St 
John’s. This lake has also a dry stony bar, or bank, about its 
middle, running nearly across from its north-west side ; the other 
has a bar extending across, and separating the fresh water from 
the salt. 
From Gower’s Lake, by Jenette’s Lake, Emma’s Lake, Chris- 
tian’s Lake, Stewart’s Lake, Richardson’s Lake, the country is 
almost entirely of old rocks, apparently of the primitive class ; 
the only indications of secondary rocks being the agates near 
Gower’s Lake, the basalt at Emma’s Lake and Jenette’s Lake, 
and the indication of coal and iron near Stewart’s Lake. The 
serpentine deposite is succeeded by a great tract of granite, 
gneiss, and quartz, which extends from Jameson’s Lake, by 
Bathurst’s Lake^ M^allace’s Lake, Wilson’s Lake, King George 
