sol 
through the Himalaya Mountains. 
they are called Mane, and are erected over the graves of the 
lamas. There are invariably roads on each side of them, and 
the natives, from some superstitions custom, alvv^ays leave them 
on the right hand, and will rather go a round of a quarter of a 
mile than pass them on the wrong side. 
%tli Octoher.—-We: marched to Murung, 5 miles. The road 
was pretty good along the left bank of the Sutluj, crossing a river 
named Teedoong, whose source is in the Chinese dominions, 
four days’ journey to the eastward. Murung is a Lama town 
of considerable size, consisting of seven or eight distinct divisions, 
and beautifully situated, chiefly upon a southern exposure^ in a 
glen, which forms the greater part of an ellipse. Through it 
runs a transparent stream, upon the banks of which are exten- 
sive vineyards and orchards, abundantly supplied with water by 
numerous cuts. The dell is encircled by lofty mountains, at an 
angle of 25° on every side, ♦except to the westward, where it is 
open towards the Sutluj, on the banks of which is a small fort. 
The situation is extremely romantic, and the approach to it 
highly picturesque, leading along a small canal, and through an 
avenue of apricot-trees. Near this place there are a great many 
piles of stones, with inscriptions; and afterwards we met with 
them almost at every village until we reached Pangee, on our 
return, where they end. We also saw a number of temples, 
called Chosten, which are likewise to be found in the vicinity of 
every Lama habitation ; they consist of an inclosure, formed of 
three walls, with a roof, and open in front. In the inside of 
these are one or more small white-washed buildings, shaped like 
urns. 
It was our intention to have proceeded farther, but the people 
told us the next village was at such a distance, and the ascent 
so fatiguing, with no water on the way, that we could not pos- 
sibly reach it that night. 
^th October . — Marched to Nisung, 8 miles. The road com- 
menced with a very tiresome ascent of 5300 feet : here we were 
delighted to find numerous beds of juniper, and some goose- 
berries, which were the first wo had seen since we left Scotland ; 
we were in great hopes we should have met with heather, but we 
saw none. At the top of Toongrung Pass, 13,739 feet high, it 
VOL. X. NO. 20. APRIL 182L 
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