110 
EDIBLE BRITISH MOLLUSKS. 
when some great advantage always ensued ; for instance, 
one day he put himself at the head of the troops of 
a King of Spain, Kamira, King of Leon, and leading 
them against the Moors, mounted on a white horse, 
the housings charged with escallops,* defeated those 
infidels. St. James supported his people, by taking part 
in their battles, down to a very late period, as Caro de 
Torres mentions two engagements in which he cheered 
on the squadrons of Cortes and Pizarro with his sword 
flashing lightning in the eyes of the Indians.^^f The 
great Spanish military order of Santiago de la Espada 
is supposed to have been instituted in memory of the 
celebrated battle of Clavijo ; the peculiar badge of which 
order is a red cross, like a sword, charged with a white 
scallop shell, and the motto, “ Rubet ensis sanguine 
Arabum.^^ J To this day you are told in Spain, that the 
scallops found at Clavijo were dropped there by St. 
James, or Santiago, when he assisted the Spaniards to 
kill 60,000 Moors, in the year 997, and they are consi- 
dered visible proofs for those who doubt the miracles of 
this saint. 
Other orders of knighthood used the scallop shell as 
an ornament, viz., that of St. James of Holland, the 
badge and collar being formed of escallops ; and Louis 
IX. of France, or St. Louis, as he was generally called, 
instituted an order of knighthood, called the “ Ship 
and Escallop ShelV' to induce the French nobility to 
accompany him in his pilgrimage to the Holy Land.§ 
He quitted Paris the 12th of June, 1248, to embark at 
* ‘ Heraldry of Fisli,’ p. 222. 
t ‘ Ordenes Militares,’ fol. 5. Note, Prescott’s ‘ Ferdinand and Isa- 
bella,’ vol. i. p. 274. 
J Heraldry of Fish. 
§ Ibid. 
