180 
Franks Carney 
transportation lines which make the county-seats relatively 
inaccessible. Some of the counties of the state are in a ridiculous 
condition in this respect. All the county business, the holding of 
courts and the paying of taxes, is done at a place which is incon- 
veniently located so far as the great majority of the citizens of 
the county is concerned. The county-seat of Licking county is 
still logically placed; all parts of the county trend physio- 
graphically toward Newark, where nearly half of the citizens of 
the county live. 
Arbitrary industrial purposes. Another factor in the develop- 
ment of centers of population is sometimes very important, but 
becomes operative later in the life of a commonwealth. When a 
more mature industrial stage is reached, congested centers may 
appear in spite of the location, and contrary to some of the prin- 
ciples already discussed. Barberton, in Summit county, in the 
last decade made a remarkable growth in consequence of a match 
manufactory. Other important population centers, illustrating 
the operation of this factor, are Depew, N. Y., and Gary, Illinois. 
But while we find certain centers of population springing into 
existence in spite of the basal principles already stated, owing their 
origin entirely to an arbitrary industrial purpose, nevertheless, 
in the course of time such centers must stand the test of the basal 
principles. 
The original highways, before canals or railroads came into 
existence, converged at valley junctions. In some instances, the 
enlarged industry of recent decades has built on the basis of 
population centers already in existence. Cases similar to Bar- 
berton, or Gary, 111., are very rare, and are interesting in showing 
the stupenduous power of mature industry. 
TYPICAL EARLY CENTERS 
Cincinnati, the first manufacturing town. Reference has already 
been made to Cincinnati’s early growth. The fertile farmlands 
back of Cincinnati made it a large city in the early days of the 
last century. In the Miami valleys abundant crops were grown, 
some of which were marketed down stream by boats. The farm- 
ers had money to purchase much-needed articles, but these were 
obtained with difficulty from the manufacturing centers of the 
Atlantic seaboard. The chief obstacle was the exorbitant price 
that was asked for goods which had to be carted across the Appa- 
