232 
Frank Carney 
that there is a difference in height of the north and south slopes 
of the ridges; and he also observed, near the county line (this 
is northeast of Strongs Ridge) ^^a low rock bluff/ ’associated with 
a sand ridge, which he interpreted as the shore of a lake. 
But the first, and only detailed study of any shorelines of the 
Bellevue quadrangle, so far as the writer is aware, is that of Mr. 
Frank Leverett, whose ^'Map of Beaches near Sandusky, Ohio,”^ 
includes the eastern half of the Bellevue sheet and a large part 
of the Sandusky sheet which is next east. These quadrangles 
were not issued when Mr. Leverett did his work, and he had to 
depend chiefly on railroad levels for his altitudes. His map shows 
the Maumee, Belmore (Whittlesey), and Forest (Warren) beaches, 
two islands of the Warren stage, and a “Maumee bar” on one 
of these islands, i.e., on Sand Hill; the text refers also to one 
more island, about three miles directly north of Bellevue on the 
Sandusky-Erie County line. The small scale of Mr. Leverett’s 
map precludes much detail. In only one particular of much 
importance is later investigation at variance with this map: 
Northwest of North Monroeville the Belmore beach crosses the 
county line, and is represented as turning south and west, again 
crossing the county line, and terminating about three miles north- 
east of Bellevue. On Fig. 1, of the present paper, it is noted 
that a spit of the Lower Maumee, northeast of Strongs Ridge, 
ends very near the Whittlesey (Belmore) beach; viewed from the 
highway, this spit might easily be taken as a continuation of 
the Belmore beach. 
Surface features of the quadrangle. This area is underlain by 
rocks of the Upper Silurian and Middle Devonian; the former 
are basal to the more even-surfaced northwest part of the quad- 
rangle. The plain of Lake Warren bears many slight streams 
draining into Sandusky Bay. Considering the sheet as a whole, 
there is a conspicuous absence of streams, even when allowance 
is made for the general flatness of the area; this is accounted for 
by the fact that the higher parts have underground drainage 
through the cavernous limestone. Sink holes are numerous in 
the central portion of the quadrangle from Bellevue to Castalia. 
The sub-surface water courses are used, unwisely, for sewage 
5 Monograph XLI, U. S. Geol. Survey, plate XXII, 1902, pp. 730-731, 752, 
763. 
