238 
Frank Carney 
original position of the shoreline, later isolated by a barrier be- 
coming a beach. The two ridges coalesce one-half mile west of 
the next north-south highway, and for the next mile and a half 
the Upper Maumee level is marked by a strongly developed 
beach. Just west of Colby Station on the Nickle Plate Railroad 
is found a ridge about three-quarters of a mile long, apparently 
correlating with the higher ridge above mentioned. The Upper 
Maumee level proper is indicated by the highway which extends 
to the southwest, and leaves the sheet about one-half mile east 
of the western border. Several sand dunes are found in the last 
mile of this beach. 
Islands. The arch of limestone which accounts for Kelley’s, 
Johnson’s, and other islands in Lake Erie, made several islands 
in the pro-glacial lakes. Only the southernmost of the three 
islands shown on the map, near the Bellevue-Castalia highway, 
hgured in the Upper Maumee stage. This island was very small 
and may have consisted chiefly of a shoal area. Along only its 
northwest side is there a beach ridge; the north end of this ridge 
has a back slope 12 feet in maximum height; the continuity of 
the ridge and the absence of sand protuberances on its leeward 
side appear to preclude interpreting it as a wind deposit, although 
the surface shows sand fine in texture. The general sandy con- 
dition of the island’s top may be interpreted as wave work of 
the Upper Maumee; but the same surface condition could be due 
to later wind-drifting of sand. 
The Lower Maumee shoreline. Near the eastern side of the 
Bellevue sheet, the shoreline of the Lower Maumee level consists 
of disconnected ridges of sand and gravel. The poor initial devel- 
opment of the shoreline here is due to the fact that limestone, 
outcropping in the vicinity of Strongs Ridge, acted as a protec- 
tion against wave-work, and also as a source of abundant sand 
which formed a spit extending northeastward for over a mile. 
Near the eastern end of this spit there are two hooks which were 
later isolated by the spit growing farther into the bay. Leeward 
of this spit was quieter water, hence a mild beach. This irregu- 
lar spit owes its location to the shallow water caused by the 
extension of the limestone outcrop. Furthermore, this spit, even 
in the absence of shallow water, is normal, as it represents the 
tendency of the shoreline to straighten itself into the Huron 
River embayment. 
