Lorraine Faunas of New York and Quebec 249 
Whiteavesia pholadiformis and Modiolopsis concentrica occur for 
a distance of 200 feet below the lowest Strophomena planumbona 
zone on the Nicolet River. These species are common in the 
lower or Fort Ancient division of the Waynesville member of the 
Richmond in Ohio, but the similar forms in that part of the 
Nicolet river section here discussed are not accompanied by the 
other forms which in Ohio would be expected in the Fort Ancient 
division of the Waynesville. A similar difficulty was experienced 
in attempting to draw the boundary between undoubted Rich- 
mond strata and those to be assigned to the Lorraine in the section 
at Streetsville, and at other points farther west in Ontario ; also in 
the numerous Lake Huron sections, for instance that southeast 
of Meaford, on Workman^ Brook, and various sections near 
Little Current and Gore Bay, on Manitoulin Island. 
The difficulty was increased by the fact that a very meager and 
poorly preserved fauna, submitted to Dr. E. O. Ulrich as coming 
from the same beds as Whiteavesia pholadiformis, in the Meaford 
and Little Current sections, on Lake Huron, suggested to him 
Middle Maysville (lower Bellevue) rather than Richmond affini- 
ties. Moreover, it is certain that the Modiolopsis corrugata, 
described by Miller and Faber from near the top of the hills back 
of Cincinnati, Ohio, is a genuine specimen of Modiolopsis pholadi- 
formis, and there is every reason to suspect that the Modiolopsis 
sulcata, by the same authors and from the same general locality, 
belongs to the same species. If these forms were secured from 
some outlier of the lower or Fort Ancient division of the Mays- 
ville, at Cincinnati, this would be their normal position; but if 
they occurred at some lower horizon, then it might be that forms 
of the Whiteavesia pholadiformis group are not restricted to the 
Richmond, but occur also at lower horizons. 
Under these circumstances it seemed desirable to become 
familiar with the New York Ordovician section, in order to learn 
if additional light might be secured from that source. The writer 
therefore took advantage of an invitation given by Dr. E. O. 
Ulrich to visit with him the territory east of Lake Ontario, in New 
York. The Lorraine exposures east of Pulaski, the Oswego 
sandstone section at the Salmon River Falls, and the fossiliferous 
sandstone section at the power house at Bennett bridge, a mile 
west of the Falls, and stratigraphically a short distance below the 
base of the Falls section were studied under his guidance. Sub- 
