Lorraine Faunas of New York and Quebec 
255 
Regarding this species, Hall made the following observations, in 
the Palaeontology of New York, vol. I, p. 285: 
I am unable to perceive any essential differences between this shell and 
the L. quadrata of the Trenton limestone. The figure given by Professor 
Emmons has the sides straighter and the upper extremity more pointed 
than the original specimen. In two specimens examined (probably the 
originals of Fig. la, and 16 on plate 79) there is a slight difference in form, 
owing in part to compression; but there is no more deviation than is 
often observed in the same shell in the limestone. The surface is marked 
by concentric lamellose striae, and the center by nearly equal longitudinal 
striae; the sides are more or less straight, the base rounded with the upper 
extremity often subcuneate, having the slopes nearly direct. The base 
is sometimes nearly straight, and the shell resembles L. Lewisii. 
Position and locality. In the soft argillaceous shales in the lower part 
of the group at Loraine, Turin, and other places. 
In the Catalogue of the Types and Figured Specimens in the Amer- 
ican Museum of Natural History, the original of Fig. la on plate 
79, is stated to have come from the Hudson River (not the Utica) 
at Lorraine, New York. The rock in which the specimen occurs, 
however, is sufficiently black to have come from the Triarthrus 
hecki zone at the mouth of the Lorraine gorge. In Hall’s spec- 
imen the anterior is rounded. Radiating lines fine and numerous, 
successively finer towards the sides of the shell. Apparently 
with a strong median septum and with cuneate concrete laterals, 
the anterior part of the middle pair corresponding to the centrals 
as in the group of shells including the one erroneously identified 
by Hall as Lingula quadrata, also L.cincinnatiensis and L. iowensis. 
In his report on the Lower Siluric Shales ol the Mohawk Valley, 
in Bulletin 162 of the New York State Museum, 1912, Ruedemann 
figures Lingula rectilateralis from the Schenectady beds, at the 
Dettbarn quarry, Schenectady, New York. In the accompany- 
ing text he states that Hall cited this species only from the middle 
and upper Trenton. From this it is evident that Ruedemann had 
in mind the Trenton species described by Hall as Lingula quad- 
rata, and not the lower Hudson River” form from Lorraine, 
Turin, and other places, to which Hall also applied the name 
quadrata. Hall refers to Lingula rectilateralis only in connection 
with the Lorraine form, since it was not the Trenton but the later 
(Utica) form, which had served as a type of the species for 
Emmons. 
At the Trinucleus horizon, several hundred yards west of the 
