Lorraine Faunas of New York and Quebec 319 
border of the cephalon is directly at right angles to the longitudi- 
nal axis of the cephalon, and then curves diagonally backward 
toward the genal spines. The pitted area extends, from the 
pitted lateral border, around the postero-lateral part of the cheeks 
almost as far as the point at which the posterior border of the 
cephalon begins to curve diagonally backward. Anterior to the 
glabella there are four concentric rows of pits, which remain dis- 
tinct as far as a point opposite the posterior margin of the free 
cheeks. A fifth row is intercalated between the third and fourth 
rows from the front, at a point almost directly in front of the 
middle of the cheeks, and a sixth row is intercalated between the 
fourth row and the cheeks, a little anterior to the mid-length of 
the latter. 
The first two rows of pits, counting from the anterior margin, 
may be distinguished from the remainder by the fact that for 
about two-thirds of the width of the cephalon the pits of these two 
rows are vertically in front of each other and the line of separation 
between the members of each pair depressed, so that here the 
pitted border consists of a lateral succession of pairs of pits sunk 
into a common depression. Specimens differ widely as to the 
degree in which this appearance of a lateral succession of pairs 
finds expression. Toward the genal angles, the pits of these 
first two rows become alternate. The pits on the lower surface 
of the cephalon correspond in position to those on the upper sur- 
face, and between the first and second rows on this lower surface, 
there is a raised ridge which may be traced backward into the 
genal spines. In well preserved specimens the latter extend 
straight backward, continuing in the direction of the lateral 
border of the cephalon. Specimens differ greatly in their relative 
width and length, probably due to different degrees of depression 
of the convex cephalon, but the best preserved specimens show 
a ratio of 44 per cent between the length of the cephalon, as far 
back as its straight posterior border, and its width. 
The specimens here described were obtained from a block in 
the upper part of the Gulf west of Turin, near the upper part of 
the road ascending southwestward toward a school house on the 
pike. Here it lay with other similar rocks along the side of the 
road, as if thrown out of a ditch while repairing the road. The 
same block contained a flat form of Zygospira, somewhat resem- 
bling some of the smaller specimens referred to Zygospira cincin- 
