4 Biographical Memoir of Count C. L. Berthollet, 
Upon the death of Macqueer, Berthollet succeeded him in 
the situation of superintendant of the arts connected with che- 
mistry, and so zealously did he devote himself to the objects of 
this office, that almost all the papers which he inserted in the 
“ Memoirs of the Academy ,” in the “ Journal de Physique ,” and 
in the “ Annales de Chimie ,” relate principally to the promo- 
tion of the chemical arts. In the year 1791, he published his 
“ Elemens de Tart de Teinturier in one vol. 8vo. ; and a se- 
cond edition of it, greatly improved and enlarged, was publish- 
ed in 1814, in 2 vols. 4to. This treatise has always been re- 
garded as a standard work, and, along with the practical processes 
of the art, it contains the clearest theoretical views of the princi- 
ples upon which these processes depend. 
In the year 1776,' M. Berthollet published a separate work, 
entitled 66 Observations sur TAir In 1780, when he was onlv 
thirty-two years of age, he was admitted a member of the Aca- 
demy of Sciences. In 1789 he published a work under the title 
of “ Precis d'une Theorie sur la Nature de TAcier , sur ses Pre- 
parations ,” &c. In 179S, he was named one of the Commission- 
ers of the Mint. In 1794 he was appointed a member of 
the Commission of Agriculture and the Arts ; and, about the 
same time, he was chosen Professor of Chemistry at the Poly- 
technic School, and also at the Normal School. At the esta- 
blishment of the Institute in 1795, he held a prominent place in 
the list of this learned body ; and, in the same year, he pub- 
lished his “ Description de Blanchissement des Toiles 
In consequence of the subjugation of Italy by the French 
arms, Berthollet and Monge were appointed deputies by the 
Directory, to select those objects of the arts and sciences which 
ought to be transferred to Paris. In the execution of this task, 
General Bonaparte became acquainted with their zeal and 
knowledge ; and such was the high opinion which he formed of 
them, that he induced them to accompany him, in 1798, in his 
unfortunate expedition to Egypt. In that country they distin- 
guished themselves by their zeal in relieving the wants of the 
French army, and by their activity as the leading members of 
the Institute which Bonaparte had established at Cairo. 
Upon their return to France, in 1799, with Bonaparte, they 
were both honoured by the First ponsul with the rank of 
