8 Account of Captain Hodgson’s Journey to the 
within the Himalaya , by the course of the Setlej , I found that 
the north bases of many of the snowy peaks, seen from the 
plains of Hindustan , were washed by that river ; its course, in 
the province of Kunaur , in Lat. 31° 31', and Long. 78° 18', 
being from east 25 S. to 25 to to the N. of west. In this posi- 
tion, the Setlej is bounded both to the N. and S. by high and 
rugged snowy mountains, from which many torrents descend, 
and increase its bulk. Leaving the left bank, and bed of the 
river, I ascended the snowy range, of which it washes the north 
base, and crossed over it on the 21st June 1816, at 40 minutes 
past 11 o’clock in the forenoon, during a heavy fall of snow, 
being the first European who effected a passage over the grand 
Himalaya ridge in that direction . 
“ On surmounting the crest of the pass, I found that the In- 
dravatz river, which is a principal branch of the Paber , origi- 
nated from the snows, on which I descended, on the SW., or 
hither side of the ridge ; and I followed its channel to the place 
where it joins the Paber , which river must have its? beginning, 
in like manner, on the same side of the ridge, as I was informed 
by the people of the country it had, and I am nearly certain it 
is the case ; and it is most probable, that all the streams which 
form the Tome, do, in like manner, descend from the south- 
west side of the fronting snowy range, the north-east base of 
which is washed by the Setlej , as above mentioned. 
“ The route from the confluence of the Jumna with the 
Tonse , in' the Dun , is thus -to Calsi four miles,— a large vil- 
lage immediately within the mountain of Jaunsar , of which dis- 
trict it is esteemed the capital. It is situated between two high 
and steep mountains, and on the Omla , a small river which joins 
the Jumna. Calsi is a place of some little trade, as the people 
of the neighbouring mountains bring to it their productions, and 
exchange them for cash to pay their rents, and a very small 
quantity of the produce of the plains. On the march, the 
Jumna is forded above its confluence with the Tonse. Car- 
riage cattle may go to Calsi , but further within the mountains 
every article is carried on men’s backs. Latitude of Calsi 
30° 31' 24". 
ec Calsi to Bairat Fort .— Total distance 24,511 paces. 6000 
paces of exceedingly steep ascent of the mountain, on the left bank 
