19 
Source of the Jumna . 
in the sun’s rays, at noon. Above that, no water whatever is 
seen. If there were any, it would be visible, as the whole steep 
base of the mountain is exposed to view, directly in front ; con- 
sequently, the above rill is the most remote source of the Jumna. 
At the present season, it was not possible to go to it, as the 
snow-bed was further on impassable, being intersected by rents 
and chasms, caused by the falling in of the snow, as it melts by 
the steam of the boiling springs below it. 
u Here, then, is the head of the Jumna , on the §.W. side of the 
grand Himalaya ridge, differing from the Ganges , inasmuch as 
that river has the upper part of its course within the Himalaya , 
flowing to the south of east to the north of west ; and it is only 
from Sue 1 hi, where it pierces through the Himalaya , that it as- 
sumes a course of about south 20° West.” 
The fall of the Jumna , from Jumnotri to the Dun , is very 
considerable. The height of Jumnotri above the sea is about 
10,483 feet. The latitude of the hot springs is 30° 58' 52" ; and 
that of the small hill, which is the head of the Jumna , is 30° 
57 6". 
66 Having finished my observations by two o’clock, I set out to 
return. The heat of the sun had then began to melt the snow on 
the cliffs on both sides, and many rocks and lumps of snow' were 
falling down : this obliged us to run with all speed down the 
snow-bed, to get out of the way of these missiles. Several of 
the people had narrow escapes from the falling fragments, but 
no one was struck. 
“ The inhabitants of Cursali say, that it is seventeen years 
since they had so severe a winter as the last. — At Jumnotri, the 
inclination of the granite rock is from 43° to 45° from the hori- 
zon. The apex being to the S.W. or towards the plains. 
fiC As the season was not sufficiently advanced to allow of my 
passing to the Ganges by the Chia or Cilsaum mountains, both 
of which are at present impassable from the depth of snow on 
them, I returned to Catnaur, and going up the Shialba glen, 
crossed the ridge, which divides the two rivers at the Jackeni 
Ghat , and descended by Bauna , to Barahat, from whence I 
proceeded up the Ganges to Reital, and continued my route 
beyond Gangotri , as before mentioned.” 
b 2 
