226 Prof. Buekland on the Caves at Kirby Moorside , 
The bones of horses, oxen, hyaenas, deer, and wolves, have 
been discovered in these caves in great quantities. Mr Buck- 
land is of opinion, that the animals had fallen during the anti- 
diluvian period into the open fissures, and there perishing, had 
remained undisturbed in the spot on which they died, till drift- 
ed forwards by the diluvian waters to their present place in the 
lowest vaultings with which these fissures had communication. 
6. Cave at Crawley Rocks . — -This cavity is in Oxwich Bay, 
about twelve miles SW. of Swansea, in a quarry of limestone. 
The bones found in it were those of the elephant, rhinoceros, 
ox, stag, and hyaena. They have a slight ochreous incrusta- 
tion. 
T Cave of Paviland . — There was lately discovered, about 
fifteen miles north of Swansea, two large caves, facing the sea, 
on the front of a lofty cliff of limestone, which rises more than 
100 feet perpendicularly above the mouth of the caves, and be- 
low them slopes at an angle of about 40° to the water’s edge. 
In the principal one, called the Goat’s Hole, Mr Buekland 
found bones of the elephant, rhinoceros, horse, stag, bear, hyaena, 
fox, wolf, ox, deer, rat, birds, and a portion of that of a woman 
clearly postdiluvian. Rods and rings of ivory, a skewer of 
bone, charcoal, and fragments of recent bones, were also found. 
The remains of a British camp exist on the hill immediately 
above the cave. 
The other cavern, also explored by Mr Buekland, is about 
100 yards farther to the west, and is very similar to the first in 
size, form, and position. 
Mr Buekland concludes his account of the English caves with 
the following observations : 
“ The above facts are, I think, sufficient to warrant us in con- 
cluding, that in the period we have been speaking of, the extinct 
species of hyaena, tiger, bear, elephant, rhinoceros, and hip- 
popotamus, no less than the wolves, foxes, horses, oxen, deer, 
and other animals which are not distinguishable from existing 
species, had established themselves from one extremity of Eng- 
land to the other, from the caves of Yorkshire to those of Ply- 
mouth and Glamorganshire ; whilst the diluvial gravel-beds of 
Warwickshire, Oxford, and London, show that they were not 
wanting also in the more central parts of the country ; and M. 
