36 
3. ANALYTICAL DATA. 
1. ADULTERATIONS. 
Lloyd, John TJri, discusses the several definitions for adulterations 
■ and substitutes that have been presented, and interprets them as 
follows : 
An adulteration is a substance mixed, or designed to be mixed, with a drug 
(or other substance) for the purpose of cheapening the drug, thus, brick dust 
becomes an adulterant when mixed with powdered bloodroot. A substitute 
(commercial) is a substance offered or sold in place of another, thus, willow 
twigs sold under the name “ willow herb ” is a commercial substitute but not 
a therapeutic substitute. A therapeutic substitute is a substance nearly or 
quite paralleling another, or similar to another, in its therapeutic action, thus, 
the physician who desires a tonic, say, gentian, which, however, is out of his 
reach, may substitute for it quassia, another tonic. — Pharm. Review, Milwaukee, 
1905, v. 23, p. 284, ff. 
Schleimer, A., points out that if dealers would see that they get 
exactly what they pay for there would be no need of pure drug laws; 
the amount of adulteration would in a short time be reduced to a 
minimum, and it would not be long before it would be practically 
unknown. In the matter of drugs, for instance, he points out that 
though the retail druggist does not adulterate he is the one who 
should be held responsible, because he is expected to examine, test 
for, and detect adulterants in the goods that he buys. — Drug. Circ. & 
Chem. Gaz., N. Y., 1905, v. I9j p. 342. 
The editor in commenting on the above article points out the all 
too frequent mistaken use of the words “ adulteration ” and “ substitu- 
tion.” — Ibid., p. 340. 
Eusby, H. H., defines adulteration in the strict sense as an inten- 
tional fraudulent act, and, in the broad sense, as anything which 
results in the purchaser’s receiving something different from that 
which he desires and supposes himself to be receiving. — Drug Topics, 
K. Y., 1905, v. 20, pp. 152-154. 
Eusby, H. H., in discussing the prevention of adulteration, points 
out the need for insisting that no drugs be sold under any other than 
their legitimate and proper names, and suggests that wholesale deal- 
ers employ capable and qualified persons who would be able to detect 
errors and see that adulteration is reduced to a minimum. Merck’s 
Eep., N. Y., 1905, v. 14, p. 212. 
Kebler, L. F., in an address made at the meeting of the Interna- 
tional Food Congress, discusses adulteration, fakes, and frauds. — 
Drug. Circ. & Chem. Gaz., 1ST. Y., 1905, v. 49, p. 224. 
Kebler. L. F., in a paper presented at the meeting of the A. Ph. A., 
discusses the adulteration of chemicals and cites a number of sub- 
stances that were found to be contaminated or in other ways below 
