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5. THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS AND TINCTURES. 
An editorial discusses the extract content of official (German) tinc- 
tures and fluid extracts, and points out that the pharmacopoeia has 
repeatedly been criticised for not including limitations, particularly 
minimum limitations based on the systematic work that has been done 
by E. Dietrich. — Pharm. Ztg., Berlin, 1905, v. 50, p. 886. 
Dohme, A. R. L., makes a comparison of the several advantages that 
are claimed for acetic acid and for alcohol and concludes that the fact 
that all of the larger manufacturers are a unit against the use of acetic 
acid as a menstruum is suggestive of its lack of usefulness or merit. — 
West. Druggist, Chicago, 1905, v. 27, p. 495. 
Arends, G., discusses some of the innovations that have been pro- 
posed both as to the method of procedure as well as menstruum and 
concludes that each extract and each tincture must be studied indi- 
vidually and the method of procedure and the menstruum best 
adapted for the particular drug and preparation adopted. — Schweiz. 
Wchnschr. f. Chem. u. Pharm., 1905, v. 43, p. 395. 
A controversy on the preparation of extracts without evaporation 
by means of pressure maceration is recorded in the pages of the 
Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle, the contributors and contributions are : 
Katz, J. — Pharm. Zentralh. 1905, v. 46, p. 459. 
Bruns, W. — Ibid., pp. 543, 659, 676. 
Herzog, J. — Ibid., p. 588. 
6. STERILIZATION. 
Vandermeulen, A., discusses the application of the principles of 
sterilization to pharmaceutical products and in pharmacy generally. 
The author discourses on micro-organisms, infection by micro-organ- 
isms, the action of heat on bacteria, the sterilization by means of 
chemicals, and the sterilization by means of physical agents. — Ann. 
de Pharm. d. Louvain, 1905, v. 11, pp. 137-149, 191-197, 232-245, 
291-295. 
Schoofs, in a lecture on the value and the uses of sterilization, points 
out the difference between disinfection and sterilization. “ Disin- 
fection,” he says, “ paralyzes the micro-organisms while sterilization 
destroys them absolutely.” — J. de Pharm., d’Anvers, 1905, v. 61, pp. 
285-286. 
Hallberg, C. S. N., discourses on pasteurization and sterilization. 
He considers boiling as a preservative ; sterilization ; fallacy regarding 
distilled water. — -West. Drug., Chicago, 1905, v. 27, p. 635. 
Baroni, E., discusses the sterilization of hypodermic solutions. — 
Boll. Chim. Farm., Milan, 1905, v. 44, pp. 273-275. 
Gothignes (Apoth. Ztg., v. 20, p. 558) finds that sterilization ob- 
tained by burning off with alcohol is very incomplete. — Abstr. in 
Merck’s Rep., N. Y., 1905, v. 14, p. 279. 
