230 
Utz, F., reviews some of the later publications relating to oil of 
turpentine, compares some of the constants that have been reported, 
and, in conclusion, suggests the determination of the following: (1) 
Odor, color, and fluorescence, (2) specific gravity, (3) polarisation, 
(4) refraction, (5) testing with Herzf eld’s apparatus, (6) refraction 
of portion insoluble in fuming nitric acid, (7) behavior with sul- 
phurous acid, (8) Storch-Liebermann’s reaction, (9) reaction with 
bromine and iodine, (10) determination of the iodine number, and 
(11) behavior with blood, fresh milk, etc., and with guaiac tincture 
or paraphenylendiamin. — Pharm. Prax., 1905, v. 4, pp. 102-109. 
Walker, Wiggins, and Smith assert that turpentine can be obtained 
from lightwood, by steam distillation, and that this turpentine is 
in every way the equal of the present commercial article, except the 
difference in odor. They include a detailed description of the ap- 
paratus and methods employed in its manufacture. — Chem. Eng. 
1905, v. 3, pp. 73-84. 
Thurston, Azor, points out that commercial oil of turpentine 
usually has a specific gravity of 0.8644 and a refractive index of 
1.475. Four adulterated samples that he met with had a specific 
gravity of 0.8166, 0.8128, 0.8248, 0.7976, respectively, and it was 
almost impossible to get a reading on the refractometer. — Proc. Ohio 
Pharm. Ass., 1905, p. 34. 
Vaubel, Wilh., presents a comparative study of the constants for 
commercial oils of turpentine that are available in the literature. — - 
Ztschr. f. offentl. Chem., 1905, v. 11, pp. 429-435. 
Pancoast and Graham present tables of constants for samples of 
American, French, and Canadian oils of the coniferse. — Proc. Penna. 
Pharm. Ass., 1905, p. 184. 
Herzf eld, H., points out that the oil obtained from the distillation 
of resinous wood has, within recent time, been refined to such a 
degree that now neither odor nor color reaction with caustic soda 
and concentrated hydrochloric acid can be used to distinguish it. 
This refined oil, however, when shaken with an equal volume of sul- 
phurous acid solution is colored yellowish green, and can be detected 
when present to the extent of 10 per cent in oil of turpentine. — 
Abstr. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., Lond., 1905, v. 24, p. 108 (from Ztschr. f. 
offentl. Chem., v. 10, pp. 382-384). 
Walker, Wiggins, and Smith discuss the steam distillation of light 
wood and outline a method for the production of an oil similar to 
the commercial oil of turpentine. — Tech. Quarterly, 1905, v. 18, pp. 
301-312. 
An abstract (from Forestry and Irrig., v. 12, pp. 99-100) points out 
that the forest service has suggested further economy in the turpen- 
tine industry by demonstrating that at least an equal flow of resin 
