23 
* 
epidemics collected by Car0e. a These occurred in Denmark between 
1878 and 1896, and were reported as in all probability due to milk. 
It is also apparent that he did not include the combined milk typhoid 
epidemics collected by Hart, and Busey and Kober, 138 in number. 
BACILLUS TYPHOSUS IN MILK. 
V. C. Vaughan * 6 reported in 1890 the isolation of a bacillus from 
the water of a dairy well, and from the milk sold by the dairy. There 
had been one or more cases of typhoid in the family of the milkman, 
and one or more cases existed in every family patronizing this dairy. 0 
The bacillus was highly pathogenic to white rats and guinea pigs. 
It was nonliquefying and toxicogenic. The bacillus resembled but was 
not identical with that of Eberth. When the use of the milk was dis- 
continued the outbreak ceased. 
Dr. A. R. Reynolds,' a then commissioner of health of Chicago, stated 
in 1902 that although special search had been frequently made during 
the last eight years the typhoid bacillus had been found in Chicago 
city milk only three times, and then in cases of local epidemics, and 
that in 1902 the presence of the typho-colon group of bacilli had been 
repeatedly demonstrated. 
Konradi e isolated the typhoid bacillus from milk in 1905. In 
Kolozsvar there was an unusual number of cases of typhoid. (See 
Table of epidemics.) The water could in no way be connected with 
the increase, and attention was attracted to a bake shop from which 
many cases seemed to originate. The typhoid bacillus was isolated 
from a sample of milk taken from this bake shop. Proper precau- 
tions were immediately taken against this shop and its milk, and the 
number of cases of typhoid fell in the next month back to the usual 
average number. He also examined 32 other samples of milk and 
isolated the typhoid bacillus from one taken from a dairy where the 
farmer’s son had a mild attack of typhoid fever which was not severe 
enough to keep him from working and milking the cows. 
Cautley f infected milk with the typhoid bacillus and recovered the 
bacillus after seven days. In his summary he states : 
The typhoid bacillus will live in milk under the conditions that ordinarily 
prevail in a household. When this bacillus has been artificially added in large 
amount to milk in the condition in which it commonly reaches the consumer, 
a Car0e (K.), Ugeskrift for Laeger, 1898, V, p. 1009. 
6 Vaughan (V. C.), Ann. Report State Board of Health, Michigan, 1891, p. 216. 
c Vaughan (V. C.), Trans. Seventh Internat. Cong, of Hyg. & Demography, 
1891, Vol. Ill, Section III, p. 121. 
d Reynolds (A. R.), Chicago Medical Recorder, 1902, p. 222. 
e Konradi, Centralbl. f. Bakt. etc., 1 Abt., Bd. 40, p. 31. 
f Cautley (Edmund), Report Med. Officer, Local Govt. Board, London, 1896-97, 
p. 243. 
