159 
2. The prevention of the handling of the milk by persons who are 
in contact with typhoid fever patients or who themselves are liable 
to be discharging the B. typhosus in their excreta. It does not seem 
unreasonable to require the owner of a store in which milk is sold and 
in which there is a patient with typhoid fever to either remove the 
patient to a hospital or some other house or to close up the business 
until the danger from that patient is passed. 
3. Exclusion of flies and other insects so far as possible, by screen- 
ing, etc. 
4. Sterilization of bottles and cans returned from houses before 
being again filled with milk, or the use of paper bottles which would 
not need to be returned. 
5. The sealing of the bottles or cans of milk so that they may not 
be infected in the course of delivery. 
(h) The destruction of infection in milk . — This at the present time 
seems to be the cheapest and the most practicable method to prevent 
the spread of typhoid infection in the milk supply of cities. In 
exceptional instances when a dairy receives its supply of milk from 
only one or two farms over which a thorough supervision may be 
exercised, efforts to prevent the infection reaching the milk may 
be attempted. But for the general supply of cities, Pasteurization 
of the milk after it has been placed in the bottles or cans for distri- 
bution is the best measure. Supplement this with an intelligent 
supervision over the depots and stores where milk is sold and milk 
as a causative factor of typhoid fever in cities would be practically 
removed. 
