238 
with the depot milk the mortality rate was 78 per 1,000, compared 
with the following infantile mortality rate in the city of Liverpool : 
Year. 
Infantile 
mortality. 
1901 
188 
1902 
163 
1903 
152 
Average . . . 
167.6 
Harris has prepared the following comparative table showing re- 
sults of the St, Helens depot in the town of St, Helens, England: 
! 
Year. 
Number of 
children 
on the 
books. 
Death rate 
per 1,000 
among 
children at 
depot. 
Infantile 
death rate, 
borough of 
St. Helens. 
1899 
232 
103 
157 
1900 
332 
102 
188 
1901 
282 
106 
175 
1902 •. 
200 
82 
167 
Lederer states that as a result of the system of pasteurization in 
practice in Vienna for the past seven years the proportion between 
the mortality rates for breast-fed and bottle-fed children which for- 
merly was 1 to 20 is in latter years between 1 to 5 and 1 to 8. It is 
observed that in Vienna the improvement in artificial diet reduces the 
mortality in the second year of life also. 
In France there are two types of organizations, the Consultation de 
Lait and the Goutte de Lait , having for their object the encourage- 
ment of breast feeding wherever possible and a supply of properly 
prepared milk to those infants for whom breast feeding is impractica- 
ble. At the Consultation de Nourissons of the Clinique Tarnier, 
Paris, the annual mortality rate during a period of about six years 
among 712 children who attended the Consultation from birth for an 
average period of nine and one-half months was 46 per 1,000. Ref- 
erence for comparative purposes to the death returns of Paris during 
the years 1898, 1899, and 1900, shows that there was a mortality of 
178 per 1,000 among infants under 1 year of age. 
MILK AS A DIET FOR THE SICK. 
The influence of impure milk on the duration of sickness and on 
the death rate when milk is employed as an invalid diet is difficult 
to demonstrate statistically. For the sick, milk — usually uncooked 
milk — is often a principal or an exclusive article of diet. Consider- 
ing the increased susceptibility of the feeble and aged persons to in- 
