253 
Samples showing — 
From 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 13 
From 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 11 
From 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter j. — 10 
From 10,000,000 to 25,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 11 
From 25,000,000 to 50,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 10 
From 50,000,000 to 100,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 7 
100,000,000 or above organisms per cubic centimeter 2 
The preceding summary indicates but too plainly the source of the 
I majority of the organisms in ice cream. Not a single sample showed 
less than 10,000 organisms per cubic centimeter and only 3 were less 
than 50,000, while 14, or 10.8 per cent, were between 10,000,000 and 
25,000,000. • The average number of organisms for all the samples 
i examined was 12,130,080 per cubic centimeter. The maximum count 
was 309,000,000 and the minimum was 12,000 per cubic centimeter, 
i An examination of these creams for the presence of fermenting or- 
ganisms showed that when 2 per cent dextrose fermentation tubes 
were inoculated with 0.01 cubic centimeter 51.53 per cent of the 
samples developed gas. 
Between January 12 and July 2, 1907, a bacteriological examina- 
tion was made of 381 samples of milk collected in the city of 
Washington. The quantitative bacteriological findings are appended : 
Samples showing — 
Less than 10,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 12 
From 10,000 to 50,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 59 
From 50,000 to 100,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 65 
From 100,000 to 250,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 70 
From 250,000 to 500,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 40 
From 500,000 to 1,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 23 
From 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 25 
From 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 38 
From 5,000,000 to 25,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 26 
From 10,000,000 to 50,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter IS 
From 25,000,000 to 100,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 4 
From 50,000,000 to 100,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 2 
Above 100,000,000 organisms per cubic centimeter 2 
It was found that the average number of organisms per cubic cen- 
timeter was 3.415,533, with a maximum count of 283,000,000 per cubic 
centimeter and a minimum of 1,000. It is of interest to note, however, 
that only 12 of the 381 samples showed a bacterial count of less than 
10,000. Thirty-seven per cent of the samples showed the presence of 
gas-producing organisms when tested according to the method 
previously given. 
The foregoing investigations would seem to clearly demonstrate 
that so far as the ice cream supply of the city of Washington is con- 
cerned there is, bacterially, a wide field for its betterment, beginning 
with the cream and milk which enter into its composition and pro- 
