Schottelius, a Kitasato, * 6 and Friedrich c confirm the work of Base- 
nau and Heim upon the lack of bactericidal properties of fresh milk. 
Cozzolino d studied asses’, cows’, goats’, and human milk, finding 
a reduction of organisms in a portion of the experiments, asses’ milk 
being the strongest and goats’ milk the weakest in bactericidal activ- 
ity. Human milk is unique in its behavior toward B. coli communis, 
reducing the numbers materially during the first fourteen to twenty- 
four hours. Cozzolino, however, used milk which he endeavored to 
render sterile by heating to 55° to 58° C. for one hour on each of eight 
successive days. 
Schenk e found a bactericidal substance in human milk, though in 
small quantities. 
Hunziker/ 1901, showed that the action of the germicidal sub- 
stance or condition varied with the individual cow and that its dura- 
tion was influenced by the degree of temperature at which the milk 
was kept. The germicidal action was most rapid at comparatively 
high temperatures and the minimum number of bacteria was 
reached in a comparatively short time, while at the lower tempera- 
tures the intensity of the action was lessened and its duration was 
increased so that the minimum number was reached at a later period. 
Klimmery as a result of his work, concludes that human milk 
lowers the number of organisms greatly, but that asses’ milk develops 
a specific bactericidal activity. He does not look upon the reduced 
number of bacteria as a result of the bactericidal activity, but believes 
it to be due rather to a change in the media. 
Moro h denies all bactericidal properties of raw milk so far as the 
cholera, typhoid, and colon bacteria are concerned. This he found 
true of cow’s as well as of woman’s milk. He found, however, that 
the serum of breast-fed children had greater bactericidal properties 
than the serum of children raised on cooked milk. 
Park* studied this question in 1901 and concluded that freshly 
drawn milk contains a slight and variable amount of chemical 
substances which are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. At 
a Schottelius: Centralbt. f. Bakteriol., v. 20, no. 25, Dec., 1896, p. 897. 
6 Kitasato, S.: Das Verhalten der Cholerabacterien in der Milch. Zeit. f. Hyg., 
vol. 5, 1889, p. 491. 
c Friedrich: Arb. a. d. Kais. Gesndhtsamte., vol. 13, p. 465. 
d Cozzolino: Arch. f. Kinderheilknnde, vol. 33, p. 405. 
e Schenk: Monattsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn., vol. 19, 1904. 
/Hunziker: Cornell Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta., Bull. 197, 1901. 
g Klimmer : Arch. f. Kinderheilkunde, vol. 36, 1903, p. 1. 
^Moro: Munch, med. Woch., vol. 48, Oct., 1901, p. 1770; also Arch. f. Kinderheil- 
kunde, vol. 33, p. 435, 1902. 
i Park, William H.: The great bacterial contamination of the milk of cities, can 
it be lessened by the action of health authorities? N. Y. Univ. Bull, of Med. Sci., 
vol. 1, 1901, p. 71. 
