490 
"Furthermore, we can not have good milk of safe quality without a 
realization on the part of the farmer, the transportation agent, the 
dairyman, and the housewife of the danger in utilizing old, warm, or 
dirty milk. Education is, therefore, an important factor in the im- 
provement of the milk supply, which can not be accomplished through 
laws and regulations alone. In view of these facts, it is recommended 
that the subject be taught in the schools, that popular articles be fre- 
quently prepared for the press, that lectures and demonstrations be 
given in towns and townships, that pamphlets in plain language be 
prepared by the health officer for general distribution, and especially 
that rules and suggestions, with reasons therefor, be placed in the 
homes of dairymen and dairy attendants. 
MILK FROM UNHEALTHY COWS AS A FACTOR IN THE SPREAD OF 
DISEASE. 
TUBERCULOSIS. 
Probably the most important disease of cows from the standpoint 
of public health is tuberculosis, and it is also the most prevalent. 
When Koch first discovered the cause of the disease and combined 
the announcement of his discovery with the statement that he con- 
sidered the affection identical in both man and cattle, it was accepted 
by scientists as well as by the general public. His subsequent an- 
nouncement in 1901, to the effect that this disease was different in 
man and in cattle, and that there was no practical need for preventing 
the use of the products of tuberculous animals for human food, was 
the cause of much rejoicing among those who were only too glad to 
grasp at any idea which would tend to separate the disease in man 
and in cattle, forgetting that bovine tuberculosis is also a dangerous 
disease to other cattle in the herd and should be stamped out for this 
reason, aside from the danger to which man is exposed. 
As a result of this radical statement of Koch’s, which was based 
upon incomplete and unsatisfactory evidence, several government 
commissions were appointed in different countries, and many private 
and public scientists immediately took it upon themselves to solve 
the question raised by that investigator. The results of these experi- 
ments were so strikingly similar that it is now the generally accepted 
opinion among scientists that people, especially children, may be- 
come infected with tuberculosis from cattle. It is not known to 
what extent such infection occurs, nor is it possible to obtain any 
definite percentage by the method formerly adopted of looking for 
the primary lesions in the intestinal canal, although much statistical 
evidence is recorded showing that even by these figures primary intes- 
tinal tuberculosis of children has been observed in as high as 45.5 
