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the cohsumer often several agencies are employed. Hauling to the 
depot, holding at shipping point, transportation on the cars, and the 
handling in the city milk plants are each steps in the process of supply- 
ing a city that need intelligent and conscientious care. 
THE CITY DISTRIBUTING PLANT. 
All that has been said about cleanliness, surroundings, and care in 
handling milk on the farm applies to the city plant where milk is received 
and distributed to the consumer. So far as insanitary surroundings 
are concerned it is usually the smaller dealer who is the greatest 
offender. He usually lacks facilities for scalding or sterilizing bottles 
and utensils. Fig. 19 shows a condition that is in many places too 
common. Bottles are washed in lukewarm water and no provision of 
any kin d is made for sterilizing them. Children are intrusted with 
the work. Fig. 20 shows a condition somewhat similar, but the milk 
room is in the basement of the house in which the family lives. Family 
affairs and the handling of the milk are brought into too close prox- 
imity. The basement is dark and illy ventilated. 
Fig. 21 is much worse, the trap door in the walk is the only means of 
entrance for attendants, light, and ventilation. A leak}’ sewer pipe 
runs across the ceiling of the cellar. To bottle and sell milk from such 
a place should be a criminal offense. 
Figs. 22 and 23 are excellent views of the sterilizing room and the 
bottling room of a high-class city dairy, and shov a marked con- 
trast to the preceding illustrations. 
Fig. 24 shows the interior of a modern pasteurizing and bottling 
plant. It is ideal in every way for such work. 
It may be said that to require conditions like those shown in Figs. 
22, 23, and 24 would put all small dealers out of business. This is not 
necessarily true. There is no reason why a small dealer can not be as 
clean and careful in his work as a large one. Any one handling milk 
in small quantities as shown in Figs. 19, 20, and 21 could maintain a 
place like that shown in Fig. 17, which is on a dairy farm. If they 
could not the health of the public demands that they quit the business. 
THE SCORE-CARD SYSTEM OF INSPECTING DAIRIES. 
For the past two years the Bureau of Animal Industry through the 
Dairv Division has been making a thorough investigation of the city 
milk supply of a large number of cities of the country with a view of 
establishing a system of inspection and reporting on dairies that would 
be complete, comprehensive, and meet the needs of the public in im- 
provement of the milk supply. Doctor Woodward, Health Officer of 
the District of Columbia, was the first to introduce a score-card system 
of reporting on dairies. A little later Prof. R. A. Pearson, of Cornell 
University, introduced a card for the same purpose. These cards had 
