566 
society which shall endeavor to bring to the city a supply of milk 
produced under such regulations that purity shall be assured. 
“Second. That approved and trustworthy dairymen possessing 
honor, financial ability, and dairy facilities shall be induced by rea- 
son of promised medical support and the increased price of their 
milk to conduct their dairies, collect, and handle the product in con- 
formity with the code of requirements made by the aforesaid medical 
commission and imposed by it in due legal form. 
“Third. That the duties of the commission shall be, first, to estab- 
lish correct clinical standards of purity for cows' milk; second, be 
responsible for a periodical and personal inspection of the dairy or 
dairies under its patronage; third, to provide for bimonthly expert 
examination of the dairy stock by competent and approved veteri- 
narians and for medical supervision of the employees by competent 
physicians. 
“The milk produced shall also be subject to periodical chemical 
analysis and to bacterial counts made under the direction of the com- 
mission as often as in its judgment is desirable. The experts em- 
ployed by the commission shall render their reports to this body, 
which constitute the basis of its certification of the product. 
“The expense of examinations and inspections shall be defrayed by 
the dairymen, but the members of the commission shall receive no 
pay for their services. 
“The findings of the commission shall be published to the profes- 
sion only, and the milk thus produced shall be known as “ certified 
milk” and be sold in quart containers bearing the date of milking 
and the seal of the commission.”® 
In 1893 the Medical Society of Essex County, N. J., adopted this 
plan and organized the first medical milk commission in the United 
States. 
A dairyman was found who was wilhng v to undertake the produc- 
tion of milk according to the following standards of purity formu- 
lated by Doctor Coit in connection with the original plan: 
First. An absence of large numbers of micro-organisms and the entire freedom of the 
milk from pathogenic varieties. 
Second. Unvarying resistance to early fermentative changes in the milk, so that it 
may be kept under ordinary conditions -without extraordinary care. 
Third. A constant nutritive value of known chemical composition and a uniform 
relation between the percentage constituents of fat, proteid, and carbohydrate. 
The following formal contract was therefore signed May 19, 1893, 
under which periodical inspections of the dairy, veterinary examina- 
tions of the herd, chemical analyses and bacteriological counts of the 
milk were instituted. 
a Coit, H. L. Brief history of the development of the pure milk movement in the 
United States. 
