577 
adopted in most cases. Those of the Medical Milk Commission of 
the Philadelphia Pediatric Society are as follows : 
Specific gravity from 1,029 to 1,034; reaction, neutral or faintly 
acid ; proteid from 3 to 4 per cent ; sugar from 4 to 5 per cent ; fats 
from 3| to 4| per cent; also an additional fat standard of 5 per cent, 
the permissible limits of variation being from 4| to 5§ per cent. 
A knowledge of the fat content is of much importance, and its 
determination at regular intervals is required by all commissions. 
The examination for adulterants and preservatives is of much less 
importance, as it is altogether unlikety that these substances would 
be used by dairymen walling to undertake the production of certified 
milk. 
In order to attain these standards great care is necessar}^ in the 
production and transportation of the milk, and the dairyman is 
required to observe certain rigid requirements. These are codified 
and in some instances incorporated in a rigid contract, which is 
signed by the dairyman and members of the commission. 
REGULATIONS OF THE MILK COMMISSION OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY 
OF THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. 
The following requirements of the Milk Commission of the Medical 
Society of the County of New York show great care in preparation, 
and contain all of the essential rules required by other commissions: 
1. The barnyard . — The barnyard should be free from manure and well drained, so 
that it may not harbor stagnant water. The manure whicn collects each day should 
not be piled close to the barn, but should be taken several hundred feet away. If 
these rules are observed, not only will the barnyard be free from objectionable smell, 
which is an injury to the milk, but the number of flies in summer will be considerably 
diminished. 
These flies are an element -of danger, for they are fond of both filth and milk, and are 
liable to get into the milk after having soiled their bodies and legs in recently visited 
filth, thus carrying it into the milk. 
Flies also irritate cows, and by making them nervous reduce the amount of their 
milk. 
2. The stable . — In the stable the principles of cleanliness must be strictly observed. 
The room in which the cows are milked should have no storage loft above it; where 
this is not feasible, the floor of the loft should be tight, to prevent the sifting of dust into 
the stable beneath. The stables should be well ventilated, lighted, and drained, and 
should have tight floors, preferably of cement, never of dirt. They should be white 
washed inside at least twice a year, unless the walls are painted or of smooth cement 
finish, which can be washed frequently. 
The air should always be fresh and without bad odor. A sufficient number of Ian 
terns should be provided to enable the necessary work to be properly done during the 
dark hours. The manure should be removed twice daily, except when the cows are 
outside in the fields the entire time between the morning and afternoon milkings. 
The manure gutter must be kept in a sanitary condition. All sweeping must be 
finished before the grooming of the cows begins, so that the air may be free from dust 
at the time of milking. 
24907— Bull. 41—08 37 
