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fronted with a difficulty not readily overcome. Nature did not intend 
the young of one species to be raised upon the milk of another, much 
less did it intend that milk to be dirty, stale, and bacteria-laden. We 
have unanimous testimony that such milk, especially in the heated 
months of summer, is the cause directly or indirectly of the excessive 
infant morbidity and mortality. 
The average city market milk that has already deteriorated in . ; 
quality can not be revivified. No known process will make bad milk 
good milk ; but further fermentation and putrefaction in the milk can 
be stopped, and pathogenic organisms killed, by heating it to 60 ° C. 
for twenty minutes. Bad milk, whether heated or unheated, is unfit 
for infant feeding, but if infants must depend upon old dirty and un- 
cared for milk it would be much better, especially in the summer 
months, to practice pasteurization, in spite of its alleged disad- 
vantages. 
The quantity of certified or clean milk in any community is but a 
drop in the bucket, and until health officers can assure a good quality 
of milk the only protection we have is the expedient of heating it. * ; 
It is by no means claimed that heated milk is the’ ideal to be at- 
tained. On the contrary, we want good, fresh milk that needs no 
heating. At present it is exceedingly difficult to obtain such milk 
in our large cities, and anyone who investigates the matter care- 
* fully will soon convince himself that it will be many years before 
this is possible and only after a revolution of the milk industry. In 
the meantime we must protect ourselves. 
Physicians who have had large experience in the care and feeding 
of infants have a prejudice against the use of heated milk for pro- 
longed periods. While it is admitted that the use of heated milk 
greatty diminishes the amount and seriousness of infantile diar- 
rheas it has been noted that while the children at first do well they 
may become flabby and anemic and the subjects of scurvy. Whether 
it is the heating or some other factor in the milk that induces scurvy 
is not determined. 
We have the published testimony of a large number of physicians 
to the effect that the use of pasteurized milk produces no harmful 
effects that may be attributed to the heating. But when all is said 
and done the pasteurization of milk for infant feeding can neither 
be recommended nor discountenanced as a general proposition The 
saying that “ one man’s meat is another man’s poison ” applies with 
special significance to the artificial feeding of infants. The general 
pasteurization of all milk used for the nourishing of infants would 
be as irrational as the general use of one formula. Each infant is 
a law unto itself, and whether it is to receive heated or unheated milk 
