609 
The use of this milk gave the following death rates : 
(a) Children (b) Children 
fed on milk fed on steril- 
not sterilized, ized milk, per 
per 1,000. 1,000. 
1894 66.8 25.6 
1895 86. & 42.2 
1896 54. 0 16. 1 
Average 69. 3 27. 9 
The difference in favor of sterilized milk is much more striking 
than the figures indicate, for Class A includes bottle and breast-fed 
children while Class B includes only bottle-fed children. Further, 
the first figures are compiled from children of the better class while 
the latter are drawn from children of the poorer classes. 
Carel,° from observations upon infants of the working classes in 
Paris, recommends the use of sterilized milk from the time of wean- 
ing. He believes further that the use of sterilized milk has brought 
about a reduction in the dangers to infants to a minimum. In in- 
fants of normal weight and good health, nourished with sterilized 
milk, the dentition proceeds normally and the mortality from gastro- 
enteritis is nil. 
From a comparison of two series of observations of infants coming 
from families of the same social conditions, living in the same quarter, 
and of whom the mothers had received the same advice, there occurred 
31.8 per cent of rachitis among those nourished with ordinary milk 
(210 observations). The proportion of rachitis in 373 infants who 
received sterilized milk was only 15 per cent. Xone of the 373 infants 
given sterilized milk presented any symptoms of infantile scurvy 
(Barlow's disease). 
Budin and Chavane,® 1891, reported 15 successful cases in 1892 and 
1893 of infants fed upon milk sterilized at 100° C. in a water bath 
and used within twenty- four hours. They give in detail the increase 
in weight and the condition of each infant. 
Maygrier, * 6 1901. states that of 590 infants who received sterilized 
milk from 1878 to 1901 not one died of diarrhea. Much similar testi- 
mony to the same effect could be brought forward. 
While the evidence is clear that many children are successfully 
raised upon milk heated even above the boiling point, on the other 
^ ° Carel.^lrmand : Le lait sterilise. Paris, theses, 1902-3. 
6 Budin. P., and Chavane, A : De l’emploi, pour les nourrissons, du lait ster- 
ilise a 100 degres au bain-marie. Bull, de Acad, rued., 3 ser., vol. 32, 1894. p. 67. 
c Maygrier : La consultation de nourrissons a la Charite, de 189S a 1901. Ob- 
stetrique, vol. 6, 1901. , 
24907— Bull. 41—08 39 
