624 
after the process than before. This was not the fault of the ma- 
chine, but due to ignorance and uncleanliness. 
The following figures show the efficiency of a commercial pasteur- 
izer operated under intelligent though not skilled supervision : 
Colonies per cubic cen- Colonies per cubic cen- 
timeter. timeter. 
Before pas- 
teurization. 
After pas- 
teuriza- 
tion. 
Before pas- 
teurization. 
After pas- 
teuriza- 
tion. 
92,000 
2,200 
380,000 
83,000 
142,000 
6,000 
214,000 
87,000 
71,000 
6,000 
6,700 
28, 200 
93,000 
6,900 
900,000 
100,000 
105,000 
38,000 
7,000,000 
70,000 ^ 
1,680,000 
80,000 
74,000 
35,000 
The above figures were obtained from a type of machine known as 
a ** Flash pasteurizer,” in which the milk is heated momentarily at 73° 
to 74° C. 
The pasteurization of milk is such an important public health 
measure that it should be under the immediate and constant super- 
vision of the health officer. The milk should be heated a definite 
temperature for a definite time and then promptly cooled, and prop- 
erly labeled. 
RESUME ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. 
Pasteurization saves lives and prevents sickness. Weighing against 
this great merit we have certain disadvantages connected with the 
heating of milk. That there are two sides to the question may be 
judged from the fact that those who have given the matter careful 
consideration come to diametrically opposite conclusions. From 
a theoretical standpoint some believe pasteurization to be an unsat- 
isfactory and very feeble way out of a very difficult situation. From 
a practical standpoint, others find in pasteurization our only practi- 
cable safeguard, at least until the general supply consists of good, 
clean, fresh milk. 
One of the chief objections to pasteurization i> that it promotes 
carelessness and discourages the efforts to produce clean milk. It is 
believed that the general adoption of pasteurization will set back 
improvements at the source of supply and encourage dirty habits. 
It will cause the farmers and those who handle the milk to believe 
that it is unnecessary to be quite so particular, as the dirt that gets 
into the milk is going to be cooked and made harmless. It is not 
proposed that pasteurization shall take the place of inspection and 
improvements in dairy methods. To insure the public a pure and 
