673 
The milk bottles are then rapidly cooled by the use of cold water on 
the exterior of the bottles and are kept on ice until required. 
It is highly important to remember that neither sterilization nor 
pasteurization will make bad or stale milk good, and that once steril- 
ized or pasteurized it requires the same care in preservation as raw 
milk. Very convenient forms of apparatus, such as Arnold’s or 
Soxhlet’s, for sterilization, or Freeman’s for pasteurization of milk 
can be bought at the shops. 
ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS UNDER ONE MONTH OF AGE. 
When we consider the composition of woman's milk in the early 
period of lactation, we are impressed with the fact that while the 
proteids are high, the sugar and fat are lower than at subsequent 
times. This has the effect of reducing its caloric value, and is doubt- 
less dependent upon the needs of the infant in this respect. 
We can, therefore, more easily imitate the provisions of nature by 
feeding skimmed milk to infants in the first month of life. Walls 
has found ° that sterilized undiluted skimmed milk is entirely di- 
gestible even by premature infants. As the energy quotient required 
by infants does not become high until the second week, it may be as- 
sumed that skimmed milk will more nearly meet their requirements 
at this age than whole cow's milk. 
Skimmed milk is obtained either as centrifugal^ skimmed milk 
from the dairy or by siphoning off the under half of a quart bottle of 
milk whose cream has risen. 
Skimmed milk has the following average composition : 
Per cent. 
Fat 0. 50 to 1. 00 
Proteid 3. 50 
Sugar 4. 50 
Salts 0. 75 
Water 90. 75 to 90. 25 
Caloric value per kilogram, 374.5 to 421. 
The amounts to be taken are determined as previously explained. 
After the end of the first week one-third whole milk and two-thirds 
skimmed milk can be given; after the end of the second, one-half 
whole milk and one-half skimmed milk ; at the end of the third week, 
three-quarters whole milk and one-quarter skimmed milk, passing to 
whole milk at the beginning of the first month. 
FEEDING OF OLDER INFANTS. 
The seventh month of infancy marks the time when it is desirable 
to supplement exclusive milk feeding by some other food. This 
°F. X. Walls, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1907, Yol. XLVIII, pp. 1389-1392, 
24907— BuH. 41—08 13 
