701 
milk products, or a store devoted to the sale of milk and its products, 
and has held the term “ dairy farm ” to mean any premises upon 
which milk is produced for sale. Any place where milk is sold is 
regarded by the law of the District as a dairy for purposes of in- 
spection but not for other purposes.® Permits issued under the pro- 
visions of the act of March 2, 1895, have been issued, therefore, in 
three distinct series: First, permits to maintain dairies within the 
District of Columbia: second, permits to maintain dairy farms 
within the District of Columbia ; third, permits to bring or to send 
milk into the District of Columbia. In order that the records of 
the health department might show the number and the location of 
places from which milk is distributed as distinguished from the 
number and location of places where milk is produced, persons main- 
taining dairy farms within the District of Columbia and distributing 
milk directly to consumers have been regarded as maintaining dairies 
as well as dairy farms and have been required to obtain a permit 
for each purpose. A similar practice has been established with re- 
spect to persons maintaining dairy farms in adjacent States and 
distributing the milk directly to consumers within the District; 
they have been required to take out permits not merely to bring or 
send milk into the District, but also to obtain permits to maintain 
dairies within the District. In the issue of permits to maintain 
dairies to persons already authorized to bring or to send milk into 
the District they have not been required to maintain fixed places of 
business within the District, but their dairy farms have been re- 
garded as the points of distribution. Copies of the forms now in 
use for application and for permits are appended. * 6 
The inspection service is naturally divided into two branches: 
On the one hand the inspection of dairy farms and on the other 
the inspection of dairies. But whenever a permit is issued for the 
maintenance of a dairy on a licensed dairy farm, either within or 
without the District, then inspections of the dairy are intrusted solely 
to the inspector of dairy farms already having the premises under his 
supervision, and the inspector of dairies is not required to visit the 
premises. 
The inspection of dairy farms requires not only a knowledge of the 
conditions under which milk should be produced, but also a knowledge 
of cattle, their selection, their feeding, their general management, 
and their diseases. Such work is therefore best intrusted to veteri- 
nary surgeons, and inspectors of this class have always been required 
to have had a proper veterinary training before appointment. The in- 
spection of dairies, places from which milk is sold at retail, requires, 
however, only a good working knowledge of the sanitary principles 
® See page 694. 
6 See page 724. 
