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cattle. He must rely upon his own powers of observation so far as is 
possible. When this is not possible he must learn what can be learned 
by inquiry. For instance: A knowledge of the prevailing method 
of milking and of the promptness and thoroughness of cooling milk 
is very essential in every case, but in view of the distances between 
dairy farms the inspector commonly can not visit on a single day, at 
milking time, more than one, and rarely more than two farms; he, 
therefore, can not always obtain information with respect to this 
matter by his own observation, but must depend upon the statements 
of the farmer and of the farmer’s help with respect to it. The same 
is true to an even greater extent with respect to the possible presence 
on the dairy farm of communicable diseases, such as typhoid fever or 
scarlet fever. Xever is the veterinary inspector able to report posi- 
tively, solely as the result of his own observation, the existence of any 
such disease on the premises ; he must rely on such information as he 
is able to obtain from the farmer and those about the place, and to 
pick up from others in the neighborhood. 
Should an inspector of dairy farms, as the result of his examina- 
tion of the premises and of the cattle, find conditions in violation of 
the regulations governing such matters, his course is governed to a 
considerable extent by the location of the farm, whether it be within 
or without the District of Columbia. If the farm be within the Dis- 
trict the only means available for the enforcement of compliance with 
law is prosecution in the police court ; the offense is committed within 
the District, and the proprietor of the farm who is responsible for 
such offense is within the reach of ordinary criminal process. On the 
other hand, if the farm is located outside of the District, the offense, 
in so far as relates to the condition of the premises and cattle, is com- 
mitted in another jurisdiction and not only is the offender beyond the 
reach of any ordinary criminal process issuing out of the courts of 
the District but the condition of the farm, located as it is in another 
State, is not and can not be in violation of the laws of the District of 
Columbia so as to render the proprietor criminally liable. His of- 
fense begins when he brings or sends milk into the District without a 
permit so to do ; but his permit, if he has one, is by law conditioned 
upon the management of his farm in accordance with the laws of the 
District in so far as those laws do not conflict with State laws ; and, 
therefore, if his farm presents circumstances in violation of law, the 
conditions upon which his permit was issued have been violated by 
him, and his permit becomes voidable at the election of the health 
officer, even if it does not become actually void. When a dairy farm 
is located beyond the limits of the District, compliance with District 
laws and regulations is enforced, therefore, not by immediate crim- 
inal prosecution but by the cancellation of the permit, if necessary, 
and then if the milk from the tabooed farm is brought into the Dis- 
