374 
gives the following list of drugs as having been found with certainty 
after their administration to the nursing mother: Iodine (following 
the external application of tincture of iodine or iodoform and the 
internal administration of iodides and iodothyrine) , salicylic acid 
and salicylates, ether, mercury (following the use of mercury sup- 
positories or after the interal administration of calomel) , antipyrine, 
aspirin, arsenic, and bromides. A complete bibliography of the sub- 
ject of the excretion of drugs in milk is given at the end of Bucura’s 
article. 
More recently Van Itallie (23) has found that after the injection 
of pilocarpine, physostigmine, morphine, arsenious acid, fluorescein, 
phenolphthalein and other drugs, tests for their presence in the milk 
were negative, while a trace of arsenic was found following the 
administration of Fowler’s solution. Reijst-Scheffer (24) fed sodium 
iodide in solution to cows and determined the amount of iodine in 
the milk colorimetrically, with the following results: Iodine in the 
whole milk, 0.00178 to 0.00372 per cent; in the casein, 0.00012 to 
0.00008 per cent; in the urine, 0.03 to 0.08 per cent. The milk fat 
contained no iodine. 
Third. Through the elimination in the milk of poisonous sub- 
stances contained in the food of cattle, especially the vegetable 
poisons of certain weeds which compose part of the diet of milch 
cows in many localities. According to Sonnenberger (ibid.) dele- 
terious cattle feed is very common. Clover fields around Worms 
(Germany), for example, have been found to contain 30 to 40 species 
of more or less poisonous plants, 15 of which are very poisonous. 
According to this author, these poisons pass into the milk if such 
plants are eaten by the cows; and these poisonous substances are 
not destroyed by boiling the milk. He found in harmony with these 
ideas that the season for infantile diarrheas around Worms corre- 
sponds not with the hot season, but with the season most favorable 
to the growth of weeds, viz, a cold, wet summer. According to 
Sonnenberger, the feeding of milch cows with vegetable refuse, such 
as potato tops, rotten apples, moldy, hay, etc., tends also to poison 
the milk. 
Fourth. It has been demonstrated that milk may acquire toxic 
properties as a result of a diseased condition of the mother. Accord- 
ing to Michelazzi (See Le Blanc (4) ), the milk of a tuberculous 
animal contains a tuberculous poison, which is not entirely destroyed 
by heating to 100° C., and that the milk of such animal, when steri- 
lized at 100° C., causes a slow, chronic intoxication, and that the 
milk of a tuberculous mother is toxic to the children. Le Blanc has 
pointed out that the milk of cows in heat ( les v aches taureiieres ) 
has a strong, cheesy smell, and a salty, bitter taste. It alters rapidly 
even when kept in sterile tubes, and causes gastro-intestinal disturb- 
