481 
Basenau,® 1895, disagrees with Hesse in that he could not confirm 
the destruction of cholera vibrios in raw milk, but found, on the con- 
trary, that these organisms multiply vigorously from the start. He 
also experimented with B . morbificans bovis (enteritidis group) with 
the same result. He drew his milk from a healthy cow under spe- 
cial antiseptic precautions, but could not demonstrate definite bacte- 
ricidal substances in the milk. At most Basenau believes that there 
is only a temporary restraining power, and he found that a similar 
restraining action was present when bacteria were transplanted into 
nutrient bouillon, and therefore this property is not specific for milk. 
Heim * * * 6 * * 9 agrees with this view and adds to the list of organisms 
which are not affected typhoid and tubercle bacilli. 
Schottelius,® Kitasato d and Friedrich 6 confirm the work of Base- 
nau and Heim upon the lack of bactericidal properties of fresh milk. 
Cozzolino f studied asses’, cows’, goats’, and human milk, finding 
a reduction of organisms in a portion of the experiments, asses’ milk 
being the strongest and goats’ milk the weakest in bactericidal activ- 
ity. Human milk is unique in its behavior toward B. coli communis , 
reducing the numbers materially during the first fourteen to twenty- 
four hours. Cozzolino, however, used milk which he endeavored to 
render sterile by heating to 55° to 58° C. for one hour on each of eight 
successive days. 
Schenk^ found a bactericidal substance in human milk, though in 
small quantities. 
Hunziker, 71 1901, showed that the action of the germicidal sub- 
stance or condition varied with the individual cow and that its dura- 
tion was influenced by the degree of temperature at which the milk 
was kept. The germicidal action was most rapid at comparatively 
high temperatures and the minimum number of bacteria was reached 
in a comparatively short time, while at the lower temperatures the 
intensity of the action was lessened and its duration was increased 
so that the minimum number was reached at a later period. 
Klimmer,* as a result of his work, concludes that human milk 
lowers the number of organisms greatly, but that asses’ milk develops 
° Basenau, Fritz : Ueber die Ausscheidung von Bacterien durch die tliatige 
Milc-li driise und liber die sogen. bactericiden Eigenschaften der Milch. Arch. f. 
Hyg., vol. 23. 1894, p. 44. 
6 Heim Arb. Ivais. Gesundhamte.i vol. 4, p. 294. 
c Schottelius : Centralbt. f. Bakteriol., v. 20, no. 25, Dec., 1896, p. 897. 
d Kitasato, S. : Das Verhalten der Cholerabacterien in der Milch. Zeit. f. 
Hyg., vol. 5, 1889, p. 491. 
e Friedrich : Arb. a. d. Kais. Gesndhtsamte., vol. 13, p. 465. 
f Cozzolino : Arch. f. Kinderheilkunde, vol. 33, p. 405. 
9 Schenk : Monattsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn., vol. 19, 1904. 
n Hunziker : Cornell Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta., Bull. 197, 1901. 
x Ivlimmer : Arch. f. Kinderheilkunde, vol. 36, 1903, p. 1. 
1414— Bull. 56—09 31 
