564 
or distributors or by the inspection authorities. Milk should be 
cooled immediately and kept cool until it is consumed. From the 
farm to the consumer often several agencies are employed. Hauling 
to. the depot, holding at shipping point, transportation on the cars, 
and the handling in the city milk plants are each steps in the process 
of supplying a city that need intelligent and conscientious care. 
THE CITY DISTRIBUTING PLANT. 
All that has been said about cleanliness, surroundings, and care in 
handling milk on the farm applies to the city plant where milk is re- 
ceived and distributed to the consumer. So far as insanitary sur- 
roundings are concerned it is usually the smaller dealer who is the 
greatest offender. He usually lacks facilities for scalding or steriliz- 
ing bottles and utensils. Fig. 4T shows a condition that is in many 
places too common. Bottles are washed in lukewarm water and no 
provision of any kind is made for sterilizing them. Children are in- 
trusted with the work. Fig. 48 shows a condition somewhat similar, 
but the milk room is in the basement of a house in which the family 
lives. Family affairs and the handling of the milk are brought into 
too close proximity. The basement is dark and illy ventilated. 
Fig. 49 is much worse, the trap door in the sidewalk is the only 
means of entrance for attendants, light, and ventilation. A leaky 
sewer pipe runs across the ceiling of the cellar. To bottle and sell 
milk from such a place should be a criminal offense. 
Figs. 50 and 51 are excellent views of the sterilizing room and the 
bottling room of a high-class city dairy, and show a marked con- 
trast to the preceding illustrations. 
Fig. 52 shows the interior of a modern pasteurizing and bottling 
plant. It is ideal in every way for such work. 
It may be said that to require conditions like those shown in Figs. 
50, 51, and 52 would put all small dealers out of business. This is not 
necessarily true. There is no reason why a small dealer can not be as 
clean and careful in his work as a large one. Anyone handling milk 
in small quantities as shown in Figs. 4T, 48, and 49 could maintain a 
place like that shown in Fig. 45, which is on a dairy farm. If they 
could not the health of the public demands that they quit the business. 
THE SCORE-CARD SYSTEM OF INSPECTING DAIRIES. 
For the past three years the Bureau of Animal Industry through 
the Dairy Division has been making a thorough investigation of the 
milk supply of a large number of cities of the country with a view of 
establishing a system of inspection and reporting on dairies that would 
be complete, comprehensive, and meet the needs of the public in im- 
provement of the milk supply. Doctor Woodward, Health Officer of 
the District of Columbia, was the first to introduce a score-card system 
of reporting on dairies. A little later Prof. R. A. Pearson, of Cornell 
University, introduced a card for the same purpose. These cards had 
