643 
effect of different sorts of food on the health of babies in the tene- 
ments, were able to find scarcely any infants that were fed on raw 
milk. 
It is now estimated that about 25 per cent of the total daily milk 
supplied to the city of Xew York is pasteurized. 
About 123,250 of the total of 368,489 quarts of milk which come to 
Boston daily are subjected to commercial pasteurization. 
Pasteurization in bulk is practiced on a large scale in the cream- 
eries of Europe, particularly in Denmark and Germany. In Ber- 
lin and Copenhagen, especially, commercially pasteurized milk is in 
general use. In Denmark, in fact, paragraph 6 of the law of March 
26, 1898, relating to measures for combating tuberculosis in cattle 
and hogs, requires that all skimmed and bottled milk from Danish 
dairies to be used for feeding animals must first be heated to 85° C. 
This law, which went into effect June 1, 1899, was revised in 1903, 
and again on February 5, 1904, by requiring the products to be 
heated to 80° C. and adding to the products requiring pasteurization, 
cream used for the manufacture of export butter. Paragraph 7 of 
the same law requires that only such milk and buttermilk may be 
brought into Denmark as has been heated to at least 80° C. The 
Minister of Agriculture is, however, permitted to make certain ex- 
ceptions.® 
In France the heating of milk is practiced by the wholesale dealers 
who supply Paris. A portion of the milk sold in certain of the larger 
cities of France and of the milk distributed from the milk depots 
( u gouttes de lait ”) is also first heated. Much of the cream destined 
for Paris is pasteurized. 
LAWS AND REGULATIONS CONCERNING PASTEURIZATION. 
Recently the State of Massachusetts and the cities of Xew York 
and Chicago have adopted measures relating to the pasteurization 
of milk and milk products. 
Massachusetts . — There are no regulations of the health department 
of the city of Boston covering the pasteurizing of milk and milk 
products, but in the year 1908 a State law was adopted. Jordan 
considers the measure an inoperative one because of the high tempera- 
ture specified therein. The Massachusetts State act follows: 
® Adolf Reitz, Milchbygiene u. Tuberkulosebekampfung in Danemark n. 
Schweden, Zugleick ein Beitrag zur Tecbnik Pasteurisierapparate. Zeit. f. 
Fleiscb- u. Milchbygiene, 1905-6, 16, p. 143. 
