744 
entered a plea of guilty of watering or skimming or both, 1 of 
adding a preservative, 1 of watering and adding a preservative, 1 
was convicted of adding water, and another charged with the same 
offense was acquitted by the jury. A curious incident is connected 
with this, in that the case in which the jury acquitted the defendant 
was the most flagrant, while the case following was a much less 
flagrant case of watering. 
In the case in which the verdict was rendered for acquittal the 
milk was grossly adulterated and practically no evidence was sub- 
mitted by the defendant. The evidence submitted by the Govern- 
ment was strong and well connected and proved without a shadow of 
a doubt the adulteration charged, namely, both watering and skim- 
ming. The chemical evidence in this connection was exceptionally 
strong and convincing. Sixteen additional flagrant cases have been 
reported to the district attorney in Illinois regarding samples shipped 
from Illinois into St. Louis. In 2 cases it was found by analysis that 
the milk was skimmed and in 14 watered. Twenty-six cases have 
been reported to the district attorney in the cities adjoining Chicago 
for prosecution for adulteration and misbranding milk sent into that 
city ; 12 of these were found to be skimmed, and 14 watered. Sixty- 
two cases have been reported to the district attorney in Kentucky and 
Indiana adjoining Cincinnati, and 9 cases in Kansas City. It is evi- 
dent that if a jury is made up of those who produce, it is hard to get 
a conviction. In addition to the 113 cases which are of the strongest 
possible character on which conviction could be easily secured a much 
larger number is evidently adulterated by skimming or misbranding, 
but these were not reported for trial. When very rich milk is watered 
or partly skimmed and the resulting fat content is still well above the 
standard, only very strong evidence is likely to convict. The general 
result has shown that a large percentage of the milk going into some 
of our great cities is either watered or skimmed, or both. It is very 
gratifying, however, to find from the investigations that almost no 
milk samples have been treated with preservatives. 
It is evident from the above brief summary that the national, law 
is to be a great help to the state and municipal authorities in con- 
trolling adulterations and misbranding of milk. 
