10 
months: how much longer infection will last is not estabhshed. If a patient is sub- 
ject to cumulative infection, the •lisease may last live, ten, or even fifteen vears. and 
in case of light infection perhaps longer. 
E:dernal appearance . — In extreme cases there is a general lack of development; 
skin waxy white to yellow or tan: hair is found on the head, but is more or less 
absent from the body: breasts are undeveloped: nails white: external genitaha more 
or less rudimentary: face anxious, may be bloated: conjunctivfe pale; eyes more 
or less dry, pupil dilates readily; membranes pale accorling to the anemia; teeth 
often irregular: tongue frequently markel with purple or brown spots; cervical pul- 
sations prominent: thorax emaciatei; heart l>eats often visible: abiomen frequently 
with “potbelly:'' extremities emaciated, frequently edematous, and with wounds 
or ulcers of long standing. 
Urine 1010 to 1015; in advanced cases albumin without casts: acid or alkaline. 
Feces reidish brown, contain eggs, and may contain blood. 
Circulatory system . — Anemia pronounced, according to degree ctnd duration of infec- 
tion: blood watery, with decrease^! re<i blood corpuscles and with eosinophilia: 
“heart <iisease'' very commonly complained of: hemic murmurs present: pulse SO 
to 132 per minute. 
Temperature. — Subnormal, normal, or to 101^ or 102' F. 
Respiratory .system . — Breathing may be difficult, slow, or increase*! to as high as 30. 
Muscular system . — Emaciation and great physical weakness. 
Digestive .system . — Appetite poor to ravenous: abnormal appetite often develope*! 
for pickles, lemons, salt, coffee, sand, clay, etc.; pain in epigastrium: constipation or 
diarrhea. 
Xerrmis system. — Headache, tlizziness, nervousness, mental lassitude, and stupidit)’. 
Genital system . — Menstruation irregular or absent: if present, it occurs chiefly in 
winter; there is a marked tendency to abortion. 
Diagnosis . — The safest plan is to make a microscopic examination of the feces to 
find the eggs; or, if feces are place*! on white blotting paper, a blood-like stain will 
be notice!. 
Treatment. — Thymol, or male fern for ? calomel > ; iron, an*! good food. 
Prognosis. — Goo*!, if patient is not too far gone at time of treatment. 
Lethal iiy.-X^ot yet determined. 
Prevention . — Treat all cases found and *!ispose of feces. 
Ec<jnomically. uncinariasis is very important. It keeps chil*.!ren from school, 
decreases capacity for both physical an*! mental labor, an*! is one of the most 
important factors in *!etermining the present con»!ition of the poorer whites of the 
san»! and pine districts of the South. 
The disease is carrie*! from the farms to the c*3tton mills by the mill hands, but 
<!oes not sprea*! much in the mills; nevertheless, it causes a considerable amount of 
anemia among the operatives. 
