BRIEF REVIEW OF FM IN VRIASIS. 
Uncinariasis is i)v no means a new dise<ise. AccordiiiL'’ to Sandwith 
(1894), a medical papyrus, written about three thousand four hundred 
and fift\" years ago, embraced in an encyclopialic form the knowledge 
at that time of Egyptian t(‘achers. This oldest of all books among 
medical works (Eber's pap^u-us) came into the hands of Professor 
Ebers at Thebes, in 1873, and has recently been translated into ( rennan. 
Dr. Joachim (189o) and Scheuthauer (1881) agree that ammiia, due to 
hookworms {Aychylostoma duodemdc)^ was well known to physicians 
of those days under the name of ‘’AAA" and “ IT I A." The pa])vrus 
describes accurately among the symptoms, ** heart weakness, palpita- 
tion, stiibbing cardiac pains, constipation, edema of the legs, a weight 
in the body pressing heavily, and other digestive troubles." It further 
prescribes a remedy for a patient who has in his body worms, which 
are produced by the *' AAA” disease, and possibly it is the hookworms 
which are referred to. 
Within modern times this special form of anemia was di^scribed in 
Brazil by Piso in 1048; Labat (lT4;i or 1748) observed it in (uiadeloupe, 
Chevalier (175;^) in St. Domingo, Dazille and Bason (1770)) in the 
Antilles, and Edwards (1790 or 1798) in Jamaica. In Europt*, the 
disease was first noted among the miners of Anzin in 1802. 
Not until 1848 was the parasite {Aychyhmtoina dundeiudc) described, 
when Dubini of ]Milan pul)lished an account of it. Later it was rei)orted 
from Egypt, Germany, France, India, Ceylon. Japan, Australia, and 
elsewhere, and to it was attributed a certain widespn^ad anemia of 
brickmakers, tunnelers (St. Gothard tunnel anemia), and miners. 
Zinn and Jacolw (1898), who have com])iled 404 bibliographic nTer- 
ences to the disease, give two charts showing its distril)ution at the 
time their paper was published. 
In studying the ma})s, it will be widl to recall that at the time they 
were prinU'd nothing was known regarding the relations of uncinari- 
asis to the soil (see p. 47), hence, the areas which are given as infected 
are probably much greater than the actual extent of tin* infested terri- 
tory; further, the imqis would indicate that they have i’egist(*n'd tlu‘ 
places in which hookworm disease has been diagnosed, and not neces- 
sarily the areas in which hookworm infection occurs. 
In connection with their referencivs to the United Stati's, tlu*v simply 
mention Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana, saying that there is little 
to report upon this subject for these localities. 
