66 
Numerous cases are referred to by Davaiue in which epileptiform 
attacks, chorea, tremors, parah’sis, cough, bulimia, perversions of 
sense, weakening of the mental faculties, or deafness occurred, and in 
which the expulsion of tapeworms marked the disappearance of the 
S 3 unptoms. He also speaks of momentarv loss of speech, loss of 
memory, persistent insomnia, frequent epistaxis, repeated vomiting, 
disorders of the sexual functions, etc., as occasional s^miptoms deter- 
mined bv the presence of tapeworm. 
Seeger (1852, p. 80) gives the following list of symptoms, with their 
frequency’, considered hy him to be of diagnostic value and gathered 
from the accounts of 100 selected cases of large tapeworms: 
Acute colic, 17 per cent; abdominal pains of various sorts, 42 per cent; vertigo, 15 
per cent; periodical and habitual headache, usually unilateral, 19 per cent; irregular 
appetite or bulimia, 31 per cent; frequent nausea, with vomiting or feeling of faint- 
ness, 49 per cent; peculiar sensations of movements in the abdomen, 16 per cent; 
vague pains in different parts of the body, 11 per cent; digestive troubles and irregu- 
larities of the bowels, 33 per cent; failure and derangements of speech and special 
senses, 15 j:>er cent; cerebro-spinal symptoms, especially local or general convulsions 
(epilepsy, hysteria, melancholia, hypochondria, clonic convulsions, dyspnea, con- 
vulsive cough, etc.), 68 per cent. 
Hirsch (1879a), in a statistical studv of 100 cases of infection with 
large tapeworms observed In^' Doctor (Mosler in his practice at Giessen 
and Greifswald, German}', has given the relative frequency of such 
symptoms as were considered due to the presence of the parasites. 
Of gastro-intesi-inal phenomena, colic appeared in Id cases without 
apparent cause. Abdominal pains of various kinds were present in 
numerous cases. The prevailing gastric symptoms were, matitudinal 
vomiting, 1 case; pyrosis. 8 cases; unpleasant eructations after eating, 
5 cases; nausea, 13 cases; frequent vomiting. 12 cases; loss of appe- 
tite, 6 cases; bulimia, 10 cases, and various sorts of capricious appetites 
in other cases. 
Constipation occurred in 5 cases, diarrhea in 6 cases, and the bowels 
were irregular in 3 cases. 
Epileptiform convulsions, cured after the expulsion of a tapeworm, 
occurred in one case, and severe manifestations of a convulsive nature 
were present in 2 cases. Vertigo was complained of in 16 cases. Loss 
of consciousness occured in 2 cases. Headache was present in Id cases. 
Flickering vision and a sensation of blackness before the eves were 
symptoms in 2 cases, and in a third case vision was diminished in one 
eye. Cardiac palpitation occurred in 6 cases. Salivation was present 
in 6 cases, anal pruritus in 19 cases, and itching of the nose in 12 cases. 
Disturbed sleep was common; in 1 case the sleep was much troubled, 
there was complete insomnia in 1 case, and abnormal sleepiness in a 
third case. 
Of symptoms depending upon general organic disturbances, among 
others, the following were noticed; 
