67 
Feeling of weakness, especiall}" in the knees, 2 cases; gradual loss 
of strength, d cases; general and continued weariness, 4 cases; anemia, 
1 case; chlorosis, 1 case; paleness without appreciable cause except 
the presence of tapeworm, 4 cases. 
Two cases were marked l\v icterus, apparentl}" due to taeniasis. 
In the actual cases of tapeworm, about 130 in number (the remainder 
being delusion cases) among the 180 cases observed by Cobbold (1883a), 
besides gastro- intestinal symptoms, evidences of deranged nutrition, 
and minor nervous symptoms of common occurrence, severe nervous 
phenomena appeared several times. Three well-marked cases of chorea 
occurred in bo^vs (Cobbold’s cases X, XI, CXVI) cured after the expul- 
sion of tapeworms. A boy 2^ years old (Case LXXYII) suffering from 
convulsive fits rapidly improved in health after expulsion of a tape- 
worm. A little girl (Case CLV) also showed rather severe nervous 
S 3 nnptoms. Among adults, partial hemiplegia occurred in 1 case 
(XXXY), with spectral illusions, and spasms of the muscles of one 
side of the face, which disappeared after expulsion of tapeworm. 
Partial reffex paraplegia was present in 1 case (XXXIX) with frequent 
vertigo and loss of consciousness; after expulsion of tapeworm the 
worst symptoms disappeared. Locomotor ataxia of upper limbs, with 
other grave symptoms, 1 case (XX\"); locomotor ataxia of lower limbs 
and muscular twitchings, 1 case(LYlII); partial locomotor ataxia with 
severe symptoms, 1 case (LXIY). Paraplegia, which almost disap- 
peared after the tapeworm was expelled, 1 case (XCY). Frequent 
sjmcope and mental depression,! case (XLYIII). There were several 
other cases in which severe nervous affections occurred, apparently, 
however, due to other causes, since anthelmintic treatment was with- 
out effect upon the symptoms. . 
It should be noted that most of Cobbold’s cases were male adults; 
Hirsch’s cases also were mostl}^ among adults, only 11 patients out of 
the 100 being under 21 }’ears of age, and onh" 3 under 10 }"ears, and 
males were more numerous than females, 74 of the former to 26 of 
the latter. 
Numerous other statistics with regard to tapeworm infection might 
be quoted, but those given are sufficient to show that severe symp- 
toms are often associated with the presence of the larger tapeworms 
(especially Txnla saginata and T. solium)^ the expulsion of which is 
followed b}" the disappearance of s^unptoms. 
SYMPTO:\L\TOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF HELMINTHIASIS MHTH HYMENO- 
, LEPIS NANA. 
Owing to the small size of Ilymenolepis nana one might be led to 
assume at once that its presence in the human intestine could bring 
about no harmful effects of importance. On the other hand, a glance 
