25 
In their later papers, Wilson and Chowning (1903a, pp. 85-90; 
1901a, pp. 53-56) go more into detail regarding their reasons for con- 
sidering the spermophile hypothesis. Anderson (1903a, c) does not 
refer to the spermophile theory, this omission being due, as he has 
informed me, to his absolute rejection of the idea. 
Differing as I do with Wilson and Chowning in mv results relative 
to Piroplasina hoininis and the tick hypothesis, I felt it incumbent 
upon me to discuss in detail all of the points which have been advanced 
in support of the spermophile theory, but for the reasons referred to 
on page 21, with regard to my discussion of the tick theory, I have 
omitted all the discussion of the spermophile theory also. 
CoMPARisox OF Spotted Fever’' with Piroplasmatic Diseases 
OF Animals. 
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. 
‘‘Spotted fever” is reported for Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, 
W 3 mming, ( ? IVashington State), and possibh’ Utah and Alaska. 
Anderson (1903c, p. 8) states that it does not prevail south of 40° or north of 47°, 
north latitude; it occurs at an average elevation of about 3,000 to 4,000 feet above 
sea level. 
Idaho . — According to Bowers (1896, p, 63), the disease is endemic in southern and 
central Idaho over an area of about 4,500 square miles about Boise City. Dubois (1896, 
p. 64) gives it as occurring within a radius of 50 miles from Boise. Figgins (1896, p. 
64) states that it is found only in valleys of the mountain districts, while Zipf (1896, 
p. 65) says that it occurs more or less every year in the valleys, very seldom in the 
mountains. Springer (1896, p. 61) confines it to the Snake River Valley and its 
tributaries, and Fairchild (1896) confines it principally to the same region. Sweet 
(1896, p: 61) says that it is found in the entire Snake River basin and its tributaries, 
much of it being seen along the routes of the Oregon Short Line Railroad. Collister, 
(1896, p. 62) reports it as extending from Pocatello to Huntington, along the Snake 
River plains. According to Wilson and Chowning (1904a, p. 34), llaxey’s paper 
describes cases m Idaho mostly along the southern foothills of the Boise mountain. 
The cases seem to be limited largely to the north side of the Snake River Valley 
from Seven Devils to Haley, and to occur from the latter part of March to the middle 
of July. This information may possibly have been obtained directly from Maxey, 
as I do not find these statements in Maxey’ s paper. 
The statements in reference to Idaho by Wilson and Chowning are based upon 
IMaxey’s paper and upon the Wood symposium, while those by Anderson are based 
upon 3Iaxey. 
Montana . — McCullough (1902, pp. 225-228) states that careful inquiry shows the 
disease to be more widely spread than is generally supposed, and that it has pre- 
vailed at Camas Prairie, up the Blackfoot, at Phiilipsburg, Clinton, Rock Creek, 
Rattle Snake Valley, and far up the Lo Lo, all regions separate and apart from the 
supposed infected area in the Bitter Root Valley. He calls special attention to this 
distribution in order to correct the erroneous idea that the disease is a “ bugbear to 
this particular locality ” (Bitter Root Valley). Gwinn (1902) refers to the disease 
as occurring in the Bitter Root Valley, Rock Creek, and Phiilipsburg. 
Wilson and Chowning (1902a, p. 132) state that the cases in Montana are confined 
to the eastern foothills of the Bitter Root ^Mountains, namely, on the western side of 
