56 
first a loss of appetite, but after the first 5 or 6 days in many cases it returns and 
remains good throughout the attack (Maxey, 1899, p. 435). 
Montana . — McCullough (1902, p. 227) reports an apathy for food and nourishment. 
Wilson and Chowning (1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40) state that at the onset 
of the disease the appetite is usually good and food is well retained and assimilated. 
Anderson (1903c, p. 23) gives the appetite as often good throughout the first week. 
Gates (1903, p. 48) reports it as completely absent in one case when first seen; in 
another case food and medicine were taken well until the last 36 hours. He (1905, 
pp. 111-116) reports loss of appetite for cases 11, 14 (complete), and 15. 
In 1901, appetite was fairl}^ good in case 8 on May 22; in case 4 
there was complete loss of appetite on May 13; appetite was absent in 
cases 5 and 7, in the latter case throughout the attack; case 6 had dif- 
ficulty in swallowing (Ma}- 20). 
Comparison. — For Texas fever. Smith and Kilborne (1893, p. 20) report that loss of 
appetite always, and cessation of rumination usually, accompany the high fever after 
the third or fourth day. Loss of appetite is also reported for hemoglobinuria in 
cattle. Nuttall (1904, pp. 232-233) records for canine piroplasmosis that loss of appe- 
tite is a constant and early symptom, observed in all cases upon which he has 
experimented. The dogs refuse all food in later stages; they may drink much water 
but refuse milk (Hutcheon, 1899). This symptom is also noted by Lounsbury and 
Eobertson. In France loss of appetite is noted at onset in acute cases, and the appe- 
tite is not regained; anorexia is also observed in chronic cases. 
STOMACH. 
Idaho . — Springer (1896, p. 62) reports irritability and severe pains in the stomach. 
In some cases (Fairchild, 1896) it shows marked irritability. 
Montana . — Anderson (1903c, p. 38), in his summary of lesions, reports the stom- 
ach as normal, but he says (p. 33) that in cas6 120 it was apparently normal, except 
hypostatic congestion over dorsal surface of fundus. Wilson and Chowning (1904a, 
p. 41 ) say that in some cases the dependent portions of the stomach were hyperemic-. 
In 1901 “stomach ache” was reported as absent in case 5 but pres- 
sent in case 7. “Cramps in stomach” were reported for case 2. 
Upon autopsy, case 11 (1904) showed injection about cardiac end, 
otherwise it appeared normal. 
See also page 57. 
NAUSEA AND VOMITING. 
I 
Idaho . — Nausea is common, and vomiting an occasional symptom (^Bowers, 1896, 
pp. 63-64). Collister (1896, p. 63) says that nausea and vomiting are present until 
the fourth or fifth day of the fever. Dubois (1896, p. 64) reports nausea as an early 
symptom. 
Montana . — Vomiting may be present to a greater or less degree (McCullough, 1902, 
p. 227). About the beginning of the second week nausea and vomiting develop and 
continue in fatal cases to the -end; in some cases nausea is present from the onset 
(Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40). According to Anderson (1903c, 
p. 23) there may be at first a little nausea, but the appetite is often good throughout 
the first week; in fatal cases nausea becomes more persistent during the second week 
and lasts until the end; he reports (1903c, pp. 16, 34) vomiting as an initial symptom 
in case 97, and nausea present in case 121. Gates (1903, p. 49) reports vomiting 
once in one case; he (1905, pp. 1113 reports vomiting for his case 11, but there was 
no vomiting in his case 16, who took food well at all times. 
