58 
constipation; diarrhea. 
Idaho . — The bowels, as a rule, are constipated and the abdomen retracted, but 
occasionally marked diarrhea occurs; there is no tympanites or tenderness of the 
abdomen (Fairchild, 1896). Bowers (1896, p. 64) reports constipation as usual 
during the entire illness. According to Figgins (1896, p. 64) the bowels are either 
constipated or quite loose; in some cases typhoid symptoms in malignant form are 
noticed. Springer (1896, p.’62) says that the bowels, as a rule, are constipated, and 
Sweet (1896, p. 61) agrees that constipation is usual, although diarrhea sometimes 
occurs. Maxey (1899, p. 435) states that the bowels remain constipated throughout 
the entire course of the disease. 
Montana . — Most of Gwinn’s cases (1896) were suffering more or less from indiges- 
tion and constipation at the time of the attack. According to Wilson and Chowning 
(1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40) constipation is usually present from the beginning. 
According to Anderson (1903c, pp. 23, 29) constipation is present throughout the 
course of the attack; tympanites is never excessive; there is occasionally gurgling in 
the right iliac fossa. In case 119 improvement was interrupted by attack of acute 
indigestion. Constipation is reported for cases 118 (p. 27) and 121 (p. 36). Bowels 
were loose from the onset in case 97 (p. 16), and they were regular after initial con- 
stipation in case 117 (p. 27). 
In one case (Gates, 1903, p. 49) a number of watery evacuations were produced by 
the action of elaterium. Gates (1905, pp. 111-112) reports constipation present in his 
cases 14 and 15; in case 14 the bowels became loose later. 
In 190T the bowels were at first normal in case 3, but after use of 
salt enemata they became loose (May 10); case 5 was at first slightl}’ 
constipated, but the bowels afterwards became normal (May 18); in 
case 6 nothing abnormal was noticed; in case 7 they acted regularl}^ 
and without assistance, there was no diarrhea; in case 10 they were 
loose; case 13 was constipated. 
In two cases 1 examined microscopically for intestinal parasites, 
with negative results. 
Comparisons. — In Texas fever the bowels are as a rule constipated during the 
high fever, and on post-mortem examination the large bowels (cecum and colon) 
are found in some cases compactly filled with small, very firm, hard balls of dung. 
As the fever subsides the feces again become softer and are then found more or less 
deeply tinged with bile. In hemoglobinuria of cattle there is colic, constipation, 
with hard feces surrounded by bloody mucus. In carceag there is colic, and hard, 
bloody stools. 
LIVER. 
Size . — Gwinn (1902) reports slight enlargement of the liver in one autopsy. 
The liver is somewhat, though not markedly, enlarged (Wilson and Chowning, 
1902a, p. 133); pain on pressure is absent (1904a, p. 40); pale in color and of normal 
consistency (1904a, p. 42); the capillaries are distended with blood containing an 
excess of leukocytes; many red cells contain. parasites; the infected cells are frequently 
contained within phagocytes; there is acute parenchymatous hepatitis, with very 
marked fatty degeneration ; some of the cases show considerable blood pigment. 
Anderson (1903c, pp. 23, 31, 33, 36, 38) reports the liver as normal or usually 
slightly enlarged; pale, fatty in appearance; in parts areas are outlined by bile pig- 
ment; in some areas outlined by enlarged bile ducts; sections usually show fatty infil- 
tration, bile capillaries full. 
Wilson and Chowning (1903a, pp. 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58) report the liver as normal 
in size for case 94, rather swollen for case 97, appreciably enlarged for case 91, some- 
