59 
what enlarged for 89, enlarged though not markedly so for case 93, noticeably 
enlarged for case 107. Anderson (1903c, p. 33) reports the liver as enlarged (weight 
92.5 ounces) for case 120. 
In 1901: the liver was not enlarged (on May 10) in case 3; in case 11, 
on post-mortem, it was apparently somewhat enlarged. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever and hemoglobinuria the liver is reported as enlarged. 
In canine piroplasmosis the liver may be normal in size in acute cases or in some 
cases it may be enormously enlarged. 
Color . — The liver was apparently normal in color in cases 94, 97; it was paler than 
normal in cases 89, 91, 107, and quite pale in case 93 (IVilson and Chowning, 1903a, 
pp. 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58); it was pale also in case 120 (Anderson, 1903c, p. 33). 
In 1901, the liver was paler than normal in case 11, with 5 "ellowish 
tinge, apparentl}^ due to fat. 
Comparisons. — In Texas fever the color of the surface is usually paler than in nor- 
mal livers, and in most cases of a peculiar mottled appearance. The mottling is due 
to minute irregular grayish-yellow patches, usually 1 mm. or less in diameter. Star- 
covici reports the liver as pale and marbled in hemoglobinuria and pale in carceag. 
Nuttall reports, in reference to canine piroplasmosis, that the liver in an acute case 
was yellowish; it is usually congested, at times inflamed, and of mahogany or saffron 
color. 
Section . — In case 97 the liver cut easily and was quite light in color on section; in 
case 107 it was of normal consistency and showed no congestion; in case 89 it showed 
no adhesions, and in cases 89, 91 it was of normal consistency and was not congested; 
it was normal in consistency in case 93 (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 48, 51, 
53, 54, 56, 58). In case 120 it was fatty in appearance, and in some areas outlined 
by engorged bile ducts (Anderson, 1903c, p. 33). 
In 19(>T, section of the liver of case 11 was decided!}" pale. What 
little blood flowed was also very pale; tissue was firm but apparently 
not fibroid. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever, when incised, the parenchyma of the liver was 
remarkably bloodless in most cases, and a lac-colored thick blood poured from the 
cut ends of the larger hepatic veins; the color of the cut surface was either a uni- 
formly brownish-yellow or else mottled as on the surface; the mottling, on closer 
scrutiny with the naked eye or hand lens, was found to be due to a paler yellowish 
discoloration of the zone bordering the intralobular veins; this zone of discoloration 
was the wider the more prolonged the disease, and in a few cases involved the 
entire lobule; parallel to this degenerative process the consistency of the organ 
became less resistant, more doughy, and brittle. In thin razor sections of fresh 
tissue the most striking phenomenon was the filling up of the ultimate bile canali- 
culi so that the hepatic cells were inclosed in polygons of yellow lines forming a 
beautiful network; when the liver is teased and crushed, the contents of these bile 
canaliculi may be found floating free in the form of rods, sometimes with Y-shaped 
ends; this stasis or filling up of the ultimate bile capillaries was present in nearly all 
animals examined; it was most pronounced in those whose death followed quickly 
after a high fever; in one case killed in the early days of the fever the liver was the 
seat of marked congestion, the bile stasis not having taken place yet. The extent 
of this stasis varies considerably. It may be seen in small isolated areas or else it 
may involve a large continuous territory. Owing to absence of connective tissue 
between the lobules it is quite impossible in fresh sections to make out accurately 
its distribution. It seems -to be most frequently met with in the innermost or 
hepatic zone of the lobule, but it may also be found involving the entire lobule. 
